[1] This paper synthesizes a variety of atmospheric and oceanic data to examine the large-scale energy budget of the Arctic. Assessment of the atmospheric budget relies primarily on the ERA-40 reanalysis. The seasonal cycles of vertically integrated atmospheric energy storage and the convergence of energy transport from ERA-40, as evaluated for the polar cap (defined by the 70 N latitude circle...

A statistical framework to evaluate the performance of chemistry-climate models with respect to the interaction between meteorology and column ozone during northern hemisphere mid-winter, in particularly January, is used. Different statistical diagnostics from four chemistry-climate models (E39C, ME4C, UMUCAM, ULAQ) are compared with the ERA-40 re-analysis. First, we analyse vertical coherence ...

تأخیرهای طولانی در تکمیل واحدهای مسکونی، ناشی از عدم‌­تأمین منابع مالی کافی و به‌موقع یکی مشکلات سازندگان فرآیند تولید مسکن است؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با توجه به چالش‌­هایی که مانع پیش‌فروش مؤثر مسکونی برای تأمین هستند، بر آن است تا ارائه مدلی اساس رویکرد پویایی­ سیستم، سیاست­‌های پیش‌­فروش را راستای مکفی به‌موقع، کاهش تأخیر تکمیل، هزینه فرصت ازدست‌رفته حصول توازن بین سود سازنده خریدار تعیین کند....

پیوند اعضا از ارکان مهم سیستم‌‌های سلامت است و به درمان بسیاری بیماری‌‌های صعب‌العلاج کمک شایانی کرده است. روزانه 7 تا 10 نفر بیماران نیازمند در ایران علت نرسیدن به‌موقع عضو پیوندی دنیا می‌­روند. با توجه بحرانی­‌بودن زنجیره برای سلامتی انسان، مدیریت برنامه‌ریزی این اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار انتقال بیمار یک بیمارستان محل تأثیر ثانیه‌‌ها بر کیفیت مورد­انتقال موفقیت پیوند، بسیار حائز پژوهش، مدلی ریاض...

[1] The tropical impact on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is examined in an ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model runs that use relaxation towards the ERA-40 reanalysis in the tropics for winters between 1960/61 and 2001/02 and performed with a recent version of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model. 25% of the interannual variance of the EAWM can be rep...

The summer extent of the Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in recent decades and there have been alterations in the timing and duration of the summer melt season. These changes in ice conditions have affected the partitioning of solar radiation in the Arctic atmosphere–ice–ocean system. The impact of sea-ice changes on solar partitioning is examined on a pan-Arctic scale using a 25 km! 25 km E...

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over energy resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since the global contribution from residential buildings towards energy consumption, has steadily increased between 20% and 40% and as large openings have considerable energy and heat loss in dwellings, this paper establishes a coefficient of heat loss and air infiltration ...

The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal (IRJ) invites research papers on the genetic basis of single gene and complex disorders. This vastly dynamic branch of science will complement the multidisciplinary wealth of expertise in the fields of social welfare and rehabilitation. The past few years have witnessed outstanding research projects on the genetic causes of numerous debilitating disorders, suc...

the history of iranian political thought during the islamic era can be divided in 2 parts: middle era and modern era. in the middle era which ended in mashroota revolution, political thought tended to be united with religion, with the rules of thought –genera being based upon religions tents, and the role of reason being only limited to uncritical exposition of the predecessor’s ideas. as a res...