BACKGROUND Although the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) has been available for more than 75 years, one third of the world's population is still infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and approximately 2 million people die of TB every year. To reduce this immense TB burden, a clearer understanding of the functional genes underlying the action of BCG and the dev...

PURPOSE We compare the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) with mitomycin C on recurrence of stages Ta and T1 bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Combined published and unpublished data from comparative studies on BCG versus mitomycin C for superficial bladder carcinoma considering possible confounding factors were analyzed. Odds ratio (OR) an...

Current efforts are aimed at optimizing the protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG by the use of vaccine combinations. We have recently demonstrated that the protection afforded by BCG alone is enhanced by vaccinating cattle with a combination of vaccines comprising BCG and a protein tuberculosis vaccine, namely, culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) from M. bovis plus an adjuvant. In the cu...

It is 35 yr since Morales described the use of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC). In the interveningyearswehave learned much about this treatment. Although BCG is one of the most studied medicines in urology, many questions regarding its use remain [1]. In this month’s European Urology, Herr et al report their use of induction BCG for high-r...

phosphodiesterases  (pde)  hydrolyse intracellular camp  and  cgmp  to  inactive  5’ monophosphates. decreased level of camp is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. we and others have shown that phosphodiesterases were upregulated in the lung of allergic rats, and bacilli calmette-guérin (bcg) induced the production of camp in vitro. however, it is unclear how bcg’s effect asthma and whether...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent cause of death due to a single pathogen. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine available for clinical use that protects against miliary TB; however, this vaccine has shown variable levels of efficacy against pulmonary TB. In India, a single dose of BCG vaccine is given and there are few countries where repeated doses of BCG ...

OBJECTIVE To reduce adverse effects and improve efficacy of intravesical BCG for bladder cancer, alternative treatment options were investigated in an orthotopic rat tumor model. METHODS Superficial bladder cancer was established in syngeneic female rat bladders by instillation of AY-27 cells. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment groups including dose escalation of intravesical BCG wit...

We evaluated critical variables in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy of residual 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. BCG was given intratumorally on Day 7 of tumor growth and followed by primary tumor excisions on Day 20. Untreated animals died on about Day 40 with axillary nodal and pulmonary parenchymal metastases. BCG-treated animals experienced prolonged survival, and some were cu...

PURPOSE We determined the short-term and long-term efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis was performed on published results of randomized clinical trials comparing intravesical BCG to intravesical chemotherapy. RESULTS Nine randomized trials including 700 patients with CIS ...