BACKGROUND The authors' previous study demonstrated that xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in combination with sevoflurane can attenuate cardiovascular responses to skin incision. To quantitatively evaluate their suppressive effects on cardiovascular responses, the authors compared the MAC-BAR (minimum alveolar concentration that blocks adrenergic or cardiovascular response to incision) values...

A piece of user equipment (UE), typically, has access to multiple radio technologies (RATS). Moreover, apart from the standard primary cellular network, secondary networks can assist network in downlink UE communications. In this way, data reach through entities. This paper exploits entities’ idea by proposing a cross-layer scheme that combines improve block error rate (BLER) and throughput. Fo...

Data communication between nodes is carried out under Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol which is defined at data link layer. The MAC protocols are responsible to communicate and coordinate between nodes according to the defined standards in WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks). The design of a MAC protocol should also address the issues of energy efficiency and transmission efficiency. There are n...

Efficient MAC protocol has been paramount importance for improving the performance of WSN. In this paper, Boarder Node Medium Access Control (BN-MAC) mobility aware hybrid protocol is introduced for WSN. BNMAC controls overhearing, idle listening and congestion problem to save energy. BN-MAC mechanism is based on novel semi synchronous low duty cycle that takes less time for accessing channel a...