The brief review and discussion on statement of some observational problems on gamma-ray bursts (GRB), GRB host galaxies and star forming at smaller and large red-shifts: Are there similarities and differences between GRB hosts and the typical galaxy population – this is currently the main question for the study of GRB host galaxies. The direct connection between long-duration GRBs and massive ...

We show that some types of variabilities of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are forbidden by simple kinematical arguments. These limits help us to identify the source of afterglow variabilities. Actually the afterglows of GRB 011211 and GRB 021004 violate these limits, implying that the compact object that powers GRB jets may continue to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale ...

Synchrotron radiation from a decelerating blastwave is widely accepted model of radio to X-ray afterglow emission gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GeV detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and duration which extends beyond prompt phase, also compatible with broad features emission. We revisit synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) fit multiwavelength data three bright GRBs, namely GRB~190114C, GRB~1...

The standard model of GRB afterglows assumes that relativistically expanding material is decelerating due to interaction with the surrounding medium. The afterglows are well described by the synchrotron radiation from a forward shock, while the strong optical flash associated with GRB 990123 can be attributed to the emission from a reverse shock. We give a detailed study on the reverse shock em...

The recent claim of a high degree of linear polarization in the prompt gammaray burst (GRB) emission of GRB 021206 might have important implications for the underlying mechanism ultimately responsible for the GRB radiation. While the claim itself remains controversial, a full characterization of the GRB polarization has become a scientific imperative. A review of past and present polarimetry mi...

We present a study of the host galaxy of the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) of May 5 2006 (GRB 060505). The host is spatially resolved in both imaging data and in a long slit spectrum including the GRB site. We find the galaxy to be a Sbc spiral, which is unusual for a long GRB host galaxy. The site of the GRB is considerably different from the rest of the galaxy with intense star formation, low metalli...

We use the cosmology-independent gamma-ray burst (GRB) distances of Wang (2008) to constrain dark energy cosmological model parameters. Current GRB data alone can not tightly constrain cosmological parameters and allow for a wide range of dark energy models. When used jointly with current Type Ia supernovae data and baryon acoustic peak measurements, the GRB data favor slightly lower values of ...

Growth factor receptor-bound protein-7 (GRB-7), an adaptor molecule, can interact with multiple signal transduction molecules. GRB-7 is amplified concurrently with HER-2/Neu in most, if not all, of breast cancer with chromosome 17q11-21 amplification. GRB-7 gene amplification is associated with RNA over-expression. We show GRB-7 protein is over-expressed by immunoblotting in breast cancer cell ...

Granzyme B (GrB), a serine protease with substrate specificity similar to the caspase family, is a major component of granule-mediated cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. Although GrB can directly activate caspases, it induces apoptosis predominantly via Bid cleavage, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, and cytochrome c release. To study the molecular regulators for GrB-mediated mitochond...