A viable route has been developed for the selective synthesis of the 4→6-linked catechin dimers, scarcely accessible from Nature and/or through synthesis. An acyclic nucleophilic catechin precursor (seco-catechin) was used for the regioselective union with an electrophilic catechin unit, and subsequent pyran cyclization gave the desired 4→6-linked dimers, i.e., procyanidin B6 and catechin-(4α→6...

Evidence for the recognition of a secondary structure of carrageenan chains present in red algae tissues. Abstract We report the isolation, for the first time by phage display, of a scFv recombinant antibody called B3 directed against carrageenans, the major sulphated polysaccharides of red seaweeds. Immunoassays were used to characterize the binding of B3 antibodies towards the three main carr...

PURPOSE To examine the expression of prostaglandin (PG) receptors EP2, EP4, and FP in a human lens epithelial cell line (HLE-B3) at molecular and pharmacologic levels. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed with total RNA preparations from HLE-B3 cells using sense and antisense primers for each of the three prostaglandin receptors. The PCR products we...

Friend murine leukemia helper viruses (F-MuLV) 57 and B3 were indistinguishable by genomic structural analyses with RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprinting and by antigenic reactivity with a panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies directed against murine leukemia viruses. Nevertheless, F-MuLV 57 and B3 had strikingly different virulences. Approximately 2 months after inoculation, IRW and NF...

PURPOSE Stereotactic needle breast biopsy and vacuum assisted breast biopsy have replaced wide local excision in the last decades. B3 lesions of the breast represent a particular subgroup which is difficult to manage. The purpose of the present study was to present our experience with this specific type of lesions and to examine the conformity of Princess Margaret Hospital with current recommen...

When purified under rigorous conditions, some murine anti-double-stranded-DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies actually bind chromatin rather than dsDNA. This suggests that they may actually be antinucleosome antibodies that only appear to bind dsDNA when they are incompletely dissociated from nucleosomes. Experiments in murine models suggest that antibody-nucleosome complexes may play a crucial role in...

Many genetic alterations have been identified to aid in understanding the genetic basis of male infertility, however, the cause of 30% of male infertility remains unknown. Some studies indicated that subdeletions of Y chromosome may be a reason for male infertility caused by testicular failure. In this regard, we aimed to investigate frequency of AZFc region subdeletions and their clinical effe...

BACKGROUND Partial deletions of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome were reported to be a significant risk factor for oligo-/azoospermia. In this study, we assessed the occurrence and frequency of partial AZFc microdeletions in patients with spermatogenic failure and in controls with normal spermatogenesis. METHODS In a retrospective study design, gr/gr, b1/b3 and b2/b3 deletions were analyse...