Despite overwhelming interest in the impact exerted by recombination during evolution of RNA viruses, the relative contribution of the polarity of inoculum templates remains poorly understood. Here, by agroinfiltrating Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we show that brome mosaic virus (BMV) replicase is competent to initiate positive-strand [(+)-strand] synthesis on an ectopically expressed RNA3 neg...

The two highly flexible ligands 1,1'-bis(4-phospholanobutyl)ferrocene (5a) and 1,1'-bis(5-phospholanopentyl)ferrocene (5b) reacted with [PtCl2(cod)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and [{RhCl(CO)2}2] to give the respective chelate complexes cis-[PtCl2(5a,b-κ(2)P,P')] (7a,b), [AuCl(5a,b-κ(2)P,P')] (8a,b) and trans-[RhCl(CO)(5b-κ(2)P,P')] (9b). Treatment of 5a,...

The B-raf proto-oncogene exerts essential functions during development and adulthood. It is required for various processes, such as placental development, postnatal nervous system myelination and adult learning and memory. The mouse B-raf gene encodes several isoforms resulting from alternative splicing of exons 8b and 9b located in the hinge region upstream of the kinase domain. These alternat...

Behavioral genetics is an emerging field of biology. Many biologists have been reluctant to admit that behavior is under strong genetic control, because of the significant implications this may have on human social policy [1]. There is growing evidence, however, that most behaviors, be it the level of aggressiveness in mice, the foraging propensities of bees or the cognitive abilities of humans...

Taking orostanal (a compound from a Japanese marine sponge, Stelletta hiwasaensis) as a lead compound, some novel B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized. The antiproliferative activity of the compounds against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human lung carcinoma (A549), human liver carcinoma cells (HEPG2) and normal kidney epithelial cells (HEK293T) was a...

Background The high effectiveness of vitrification, as a cryopreservation protocol, for human oocytes and embryos is shown, whereas data on human ovarian tissue are limited. This study aimed to assessment of follicular growth, ultrastructure, and apoptosis incidence in human ovarian tissue following vitrification/warming and after culture in the presence of LIF. MaterialsAndMethods Ovarian cort...