Evidence from recent randomized …eld experiments on community-based monitoring reveals substantial heterogenous treatment e¤ects. Using data from a randomized experiment in primary health in Uganda, we test whether social heterogeneity can explain why some communities managed to push for better health service delivery while others did not. The results suggest that income inequality, and particu...

While privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) remains a popular policy tool in many countries, the impacts on workers are unclear. This paper studies case Brazil, which implemented large program 1990s. Following privatization, incumbent privatized SOEs suffer wage decline roughly 25 percent relative to matched control group. Additionally, private sector firms that connected by labor mob...

This paper employs the Ordinary Least Squares, Instrumental Variables and Treatment Effect models to a new dataset from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) to estimate return to four-year university education in 2008. Our estimates reveal that income premium of four-year university education is about 97 percent above that of high school education, and robust to the various est...

This paper measures excess labor supply in equilibrium. We induce hiring shocks—which employ 24 percent of the force external month-long jobs—in Indian local markets. In peak months, wages increase instantaneously and aggregate employment declines. lean consistent with severe rationing, are unchanged, positive spillovers on remaining workers, indicating that over a quarter is rationed. At least...

I analyze how two reforms, introduced to expand college access in Brazil, impacted enrollments of low-SES students. The first policy centralized applications a nationwide platform (SISU), and the second expanded affirmative action quotas (AA) uniform share 50 percent vacancies offered by degree. Results show that SISU changes enrollment decisions high-SES students, crowding out groups from leas...

This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay for performance (P4P). At recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned “pay-for-percentile” or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed so that some teachers who applied contrac...

In 2012, Brazilian public universities were mandated to use affirmative action policies for candidates from racial and income minorities. We show that the policy makes students’ status a strategic choice may reject high-achieving minority students while admitting low-achieving majority students. Empirical data shows evidence consistent with this type of unfairness in more than 49 percent progra...

We consider a Rebelo (1991) type model of endogenous growth in which the environmental quality positively affects the rate of human capital accumulation and the environmental quality itself is positively affected by human capital accumulation and is negatively affected by physical capital accumulation. We analyse the effects of taxation on the steady state equilibrium growth rate in this model....