The key limitation of existing Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) systems is the service distances between reference stations and user receivers due to the impact of distance-dependent biases such as orbit error, and ionospheric and tropospheric signal delay. In current Network-RTK implementations, the inter-station distance is typically 70km to 90km. If coverage were to be extended to the whole Queensl...

CD44 has been postulated as a cell surface coreceptor for augmenting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. However, how exactly CD44 triggers RTK-dependent signaling remained largely unclear. Here we report an unexpected mechanism by which the CD44s splice isoform is internalized into endosomes to attenuate EGFR degradation. We identify a CD44s-interacting small GTPase, Rab7A, and show that...

The dorsoventral (DV) axis of the Drosophila embryo is patterned by a nuclear gradient of the Rel family transcription factor, Dorsal (Dl), that activates or represses numerous target genes in a region-specific manner. Here, we demonstrate that signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) reduces nuclear levels and transcriptional activity of Dl, both at the poles and in the mid-body of the emb...

Metazoans use a handful of highly conserved signaling pathways to create a signaling backbone that governs development. How these few signals have such a versatile action likely depends upon the larger-scale network they form through integration, as exemplified by cross-talk between the Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways. We examined the transcriptional output of Notch-RTK cross-...

We have examined the role in patterning of quantitative variations of MAPK activity in signaling from the Drosophila Torso (Tor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Activation of Tor at the embryonic termini leads to differential expression of the genes tailless and huckebein. We demonstrate, using a series of mutations in the signal transducers Corkscrew/SHP-2 and D-Raf, that quantitative variatio...

Rhabdoid tumour of the kidney (RTK) is considered to be one of the most aggressive neoplasms of early life. The histogenesis of RTK still remains a matter of controversy. Immunohistochemistry usually shows diffuse reactivity for vimentin, focal reactivity to the epithelial marker, variable expression of mesenchymal and neuroectodermal markers, and loss of INI1 protein staining. Expression of th...

The developing Drosophila ommatidium is characterized by two distinct waves of pattern formation. In the first wave, a precluster of five cells is formed by a complex cellular interaction mechanism. In the second wave, cells are systematically recruited to the cluster and directed to their fates by developmental cues presented by differentiating precluster cells. These developmental cues are me...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The molecular mechanisms regulating megakaryocytopoiesis and hemostasis remain largely unknown. The Tyro 3 subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), which is composed of three members (Tyro 3, Axl and Mer), plays important roles in various tissues, such as those in the nervous, immune and reproductive systems. Here, we investigate the roles of the Tyro 3 RTK subfam...

tion of MAPK, induces neuronal differentiation in these cells, while EGF, which induces a much shorter MAPK Understanding how groups of initially equivalent cells activation, induces proliferation (Marshall, 1995). Con-develop into complex tissues containing many cell types sistent with the idea that this difference in signal perdu-is an important goal for biologists. In recent years, it rance ...

Overactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been linked to tumorigenesis. To understand how a hyperactivated RTK functions differently from wild-type RTK, we conducted a genome-wide systematic survey for genes that are required for signaling by a gain-of-function mutant Drosophila RTK Torso (Tor). We screened chromosomal deficiencies for suppression of a gain-of-function mutation tor...