We discuss results of an exploratory non-LTE analysis of two metal-rich A-type supergiants in M31. Using comprehensive model atoms we derive accurate atmospheric parameters from multiple indicators and show that non-LTE effects on the abundance determination can be substantial (by a factor 2-3). The non-LTE analysis removes systematic trends apparent in the LTE approach and reduces statistical ...

AMITABHA GHOSH is a Senior Director and Fellow of the Technical Staff at Motorola Solutions, where he works in the area of current and future air-interface technologies for 802.16m, 3GPP LTE, LTE-Advanced, and other broadband technologies. Since joining Motorola, he has worked on eight different wireless technologies, and is currently leading Motorola’s efforts in defining 3GPP LTE and LTE-Adva...

Roughly eight years have passed since the first commercial deployment of 3G mobile communication based on the WCDMA radio-access technology developed by 3GPP∗. Since then, the 3GPP radio-access technologies have gone through several steps of evolution and improvements, further boosting their capabilities in terms of the services that can be provided as well as the basic system performance. In p...

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) is the next step in LTE evolution and allows operators to improve network performance and service capabilities through smooth deployment of new techniques and technologies. LTE-Advanced uses some new features on top of the existing LTE standards to provide better user experience and higher throughputs. Some of the most significant features introduced ...

As the long term evolution (LTE) standard comes to an end, 3rd Generation Partnership Project is discussing further evolution of the LTE to meet the international mobile telecommunications advanced requirements, which is referred to as LTE-Advanced (LTE release 10 and beyond). This article first presents the network infrastructure of the LTE-Advanced, and then provides an in-depth overview of e...

3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the evolution of the UMTS which will make possible to deliver next generation high quality multimedia services according to the users' expectations. Since the LTE performance evaluation needs link and system level simulations, a software tool to simulate the LTE Downlink based on OFDM technology with MIMO antenna processing is presented in this master thesis. T...

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators, of which leukotriene (LT) E(4) is the most stable and abundant in vivo. Although only a weak agonist of established G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for cys-LTs, LTE(4) potentiates airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) by a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent mechanism and induces bronchial eosinophilia. We now report that LTE(...

The lithium abundances in metal-poor halo stars are of importance for cosmology, galaxy evolution and stellar structure. In an attempt to study possible systematic errors in the derived Li abundances, the line formation of Li i lines has been investigated by means of realistic 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres of halo stars and 3D non-LTE radiative transfer calculations. These are the first d...