Currently many classical detection and decoding algorithms receive new attention in mobile communications. Amongst those classics are low density parity check codes [1], concatenated codes [2], weighted decoding with log-likelihood values as well as soft-in/soft-out decoding as performed by the BCJR algorithm and its derivatives [4], [5]. All four classics show up as key elements in the so-call...

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of 2 surgical techniques that are used to treat proximal femoral fractures.A systematic literature search (up to December 2014) was conducted in Medline, Embase, PubMed, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to screen for studies comparing proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) with less invasive stabilization...

Periprosthetic fractures of the femur present a challenging surgical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) which were treated with internal fixation or stem revision. Depending on the fracture type in the Duncan-Vancouver-Classification, 42 patients with PFF were treated either with a Fixateur interne (n = 23) in cases with type B1 ...

BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis is a neuromuscular disease which causes muscle atrophy, skeletal deformities, and disabilities. Treatment of hip fractures on polio-affect limbs is unique and difficult, since routine fixation methods like nailing may not be suitable due to abnormal skeletal structures. CASE REPORT We report one femoral neck fracture and one subtrochanteric fracture in polio survivors s...

OBJECTIVE In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of the reverse less invasive plating system (LISS) in the management of subtrochanteric fractures (STF) in elderly patients that are expected to be difficult to nail. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with STF were treated from April 2005 to December 2007. Of these, 26 (16 females and 10 males, age >65 years, average 79.8...

PURPOSE To review the outcome of less invasive stabilisation system (LISS) plating for complex distal femoral fractures. METHODS Records of 6 men and 11 women who underwent LISS plating for complex distal femoral fractures from September 2001 to August 2005 were reviewed. One patient who died 12 months after surgery due to a cardiac problem was excluded. The mean age of the remaining patients...

OBJECTIVE Proximal tibia fractures with metaphyseal comminution present a difficult treatment challenge. The Less Invasive Skeletal Stabilization (LISS) internal fixator system has theoretical advantages (minimally invasive fixed angle construct) for the treatment of these injuries. This report presents clinical results of the LISS system for treatment of complex proximal tibia fractures and il...