Reactive ion etching (RIE) was used to pattern antibodies onto the surfaces of polymer substrates. A low pressure, inductively coupled oxygen plasma was used to anisotropically etch 25-30 mum deep features into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Zeonex, and polycarbonate (PC). Scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements show that the resulting surfaces exhibit significant microro...

Most public goods are durable and have a significant dynamic component. In this paper, we report the results from a laboratory experiment designed explicitly to study the dynamics of free riding behavior in the accumulation of a durable public good that provides a stream of discounted benefits over a potentially infinite horizon. This dynamic free-rider problem differs from static ones in funda...

Cells transformed by the oncogenic small GTPase, Ras, display a radioresistant phenotype in response to ionizing radiation (IR). To determine the mechanisms by which Ras mediates radioresistance in epithelial cells, we assessed the importance of three major survival pathways that can be activated by Ras [phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)>Akt, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and Raf>mitog...

There is little consensus about which of the many validated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stigma scales should be regularly used, with few being re-validated in different contexts or evaluated for how they compare to other, existing HIV stigma scales. The purpose of this exploratory study was to re-validate the Van Rie HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma Scale, originally validated in Thailand and usi...

Reactive ion etch (RIE) is commonly used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication as plasma etching method, where ions react with wafer surface substrate in plasma environment. Due to the importance of RIE in the MEMS field, two prediction models are established to predict the wafer status in reactive ion etching process: back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and principle componen...

A highly chemical reactive ion etching process has been developed for MOVPE-grown GaN on sapphire. The key element for the enhancement of the chemical property during etching is the use of a fluorine containing gas in a chlorine based chemistry. In the perspective of using GaN substrates for homo-epitaxy of high quality GaN/AlGaN structures we have used the above described RIE process to smooth...

سنجش از دور علم دریافت اطلاعات سطح زمین، بدون تماس آشکار با اجزای مورد مطالعه است. تجاری‌‌سازی مجموعة فعالیت‌هایی است که نوآوری‌‌ها را به محصول یا خدماتی تبدیل می‌کند آن مزایای اقتصادی حاصل می‌شود. توجه کاربرد گستردة و اهمیت فراوان در کشاورزی، تجاری‌سازی این تکنولوژی کشاورزی دارای اولویت پژوهش، بررسی شده جامعة هدف شرکت‌های فعال غیرفعال زمینه‌‌اند؛ دلیل استفاده تجربیاتشان امکان فراهم‌آوردن زمینة...