Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, with several different subtypes being characterized by distinct histology, gene expression patterns, and genetic alterations. The tumor suppressor gene retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) is frequently lost in both luminal-B and triple-negative tumor (TNT; i.e., estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative)...

Mice homozygous for the Leprdb3J (db3J) mutation are null for all known isoforms of the leptin receptor (LEPR). These animals are obese, hyperphagic, cold intolerant, insulin resistant, and infertile. Mice homozygous for the Leprdb (db) mutation (lacking the B isoform only) have the same phenotype as db3J animals. To better understand the function(s) of the LEPR isoforms in vivo, we generated d...

The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (RB) is a transcriptional modulator. One of the targets for this modulator effect is the AP-1 binding site within the c-jun and collagenase promoters. The physical interactions between RB and c-Jun were demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of these two proteins using anti-c-Jun or anti-RB antisera, glutathione S-transferase affinity matrix bindin...

Band sums of associative rings were introduced by Weissglass in 1973. The main theorem claims that the support of every Artinian band sum of rings is finite. This result is analogous to the well-known theorem on Artinian semigroup rings. 1991 Mathematics subject classification (Amer. Math. Soc): primary 16P20, 16W50; secondary 20M25. Let B be a band, that is, a semigroup consisting of idempoten...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) stimulates the proliferation of latently infected B cells and promotes lymphoid malignancies in humans. To address the role of EBV latency protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) in regulation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), we transfected EBNA3C into 293, BJAB, and SAOS-2 cells. In this context, a dominant effect of EBNA3C is to decrease Rb protein levels....

The RB pathway is one of the best-studied and most frequently altered pathways leading to loss of proliferative control in cancer. it can be disrupted by a variety of means including, but not limited to, epigenetic silencing, allelic loss or mutation of RB1. in some cancers including breast cancer, amplification of the CCND1 gene or overexpression of cyclin D1 is commonly observed.1 in others, ...

The product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene RB1 (Rb) is likely to function as an inhibitor of cell growth. Previous studies have suggested that certain growth-suppressing effects of Rb are exerted in G0/G1 phase and that phosphorylation can inactivate these functions. We tested this hypothesis by examining the expression and state of phosphorylation of Rb in several lineages of primar...

B cells are an integral component in mounting humoral immune responses and they are also crucial in programming T cell mediated immunity. Usually, B cell activation is initiated by recognition of antigen through B cell receptor (BCR), followed by its processing and presentation to T cells. But very little is known about BCR independent activation of B cells. Now, there is an increasing body of ...

The effects of natural cyclodepsipeptides (CDPs) on isolated rat cardiac tissue preparations were examined in vitro. Destruxin A, destruxin B (DB), roseotoxin B (RB), and roseocardin (RC), a novel CDP, each caused a concentration-dependent increase in the contraction force of the right atrium and the papillary and trabecular muscles of the right ventricle at 0.6 to 600 microM. RB, destruxin A, ...

It is known that a PR-BOX (PR), a non-local resource and (2 → 1) random access code (RAC), a functionality (wherein Alice encodes 2 bits into 1 bit message and Bob learns one of randomly chosen Alice’s inputs) are equivalent under the no-signaling condition. In this work we introduce generalizations to PR and (2→ 1) RAC and study their inter-convertibility. We introduce generalizations based on...