According to conventional wisdom, organized criminal activity is perpetrated primarily by non-state, private actors who are occasionally [or not] protected corrupt government officials. From this perspective, a hard distinction made between those provide protection criminals (e.g., politicians or law enforcement officials) and the themselves smugglers producers of counterfeit goods). It further...

‘Symbolic Boundaries’ are the lines that include and define some people, groups, and things while excluding others. These distinctions can be expressed through normative interdictions (taboos), cultural attitudes and practices, and patterns of likes and dislikes. They play an important role in the creation of inequality and the exercise of power. The term ‘symbolic boundaries’ also refers to th...