OBJECTIVE The restitution mechanism has been the focus of attention as the possible mechanism behind ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, its contribution in chronic ischemic heart has not been established. METHODS We investigated chronic ischemic dogs with occlusion of left anterior descending artery. Sixty unipolar electrograms were simultaneously recorded from an entire cardiac surface....

OBJECTIVES Clinical relevance of low-frequency HIV-1 variants carrying drug resistance associated mutations (DRMs) is still unclear. We aimed to study the prevalence of low-frequency DRMs, detected by Ultra-Deep Sequencing (UDS) before antiretroviral therapy (ART) and at virological failure (VF), in HIV-1 infected patients experiencing VF on first-line ART. METHODS Twenty-nine ART-naive patie...

In this paper, several classes of vector F -complementarity problems (in short, VF -CP) and vector F -variational inequalities (in short, VF -VI) with relations determined by nonconvex preferences are introduced in Banach spaces. Some characterizations of solution sets for (VF -CP) and (VF -VI) are also presented. Furthermore, the results obtained are applied to vector optimization problems.

BACKGROUND HIV clonal genotypic analysis (CG) was used to investigate whether a more sensitive analysis method would detect additional low-abundance mutations compared with population genotyping (PG) in antiretroviral-naive patients who experienced virological failure (VF) during treatment with abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir. METHODS HIV was analysed by PG and CG (771 baseline a...

It has been proposed that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in post-MI patients. Abnormal Ca(2+) handling has been implicated in the genesis of post-MI ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that dietary n-3 PUFAs alter the vulnerability of ventricular myocytes to cellular arrhythmia by stabilizing intrac...

BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies that evaluated the effects of supplemental omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on sudden cardiac death have yielded conflicting results. Our aim was to clarify this issue using an established and clinical relevant canine model of sudden cardiac death. METHODS AND RESULTS Susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was evaluated using a 2-minu...

Placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the only powerful treatment modality for Brugada syndrome in patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF). For those whose first presentation is an electrical storm, pharmacologic therapy is typically used to control VF followed by ICD implantation. We report an alternative approach whereby, before ICD implantation, emerg...

OBJECTIVES The study examined the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics in relation to programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS)-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), as well as the implications of PVS-induced VF on the recurrence of cardiac events in symptomatic Brugada syndrome. BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is characterized by ST-segment elevation in the right precordia...

Sudden cardiac death is a major cause of death in the industrialized world, claiming approximately 300,000 victims annually in the United States alone. In most cases, sudden cardiac death is caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF). Experimental studies in large animal hearts have shown that the uncoordinated contractions during VF are caused by large numbers of chaotically wandering reentrant w...

BACKGROUND Virologic failure (VF) on a first-line ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) regimen is associated with low rates of resistance, but optimal management after failure is unknown. METHODS The analysis included participants in randomized trials who experienced VF on a first-line regimen of PI/r plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and had at least 24 weeks ...