In this study, temperature distribution as a function of the spar-cap thickness was numerically analyzed using 20 kW wind carbon blade model. “Realizable k-ε”, which adopted turbulence model for heat transfer analysis, effective in convection and diffusion calculations. SC/TETRA, commercial thermal fluid analysis software, used to calculate flow from panel outside boundary simulation order deri...

This paper presents the performance of a new, floating, mono-hull wind turbine installation vessel (Nordic Wind) in process. The can transport pre-assembled turbines from marshalling port to offshore site. Each assembled will be positioned over pre-installed floating spar structure. primary difficulty lies examining multibody system’s reactions when subjected combined wind, current, and wave fo...

Nurses spend much more time dealing with patients compared with other healthcare personnel. This group has a significant role in identification of threatening complexities of patients, removing medical errors and in keeping patients safe, on the other hand, a considerable amount of human errors is committed by nurses (1). Therefore, nurses have to face with many occupational risks compared with...

Fragmentation usually couples two separate processes, the loss of area and the decrease in the connectivity of the remaining patches. The well established pattern of species-area relationships (SPAR) clearly show that a loss of area will result with a decrease in biodiversity. However, the effect of fragmentation per se on biodiversity is less clear. In the literature, fragmentation per se has ...

We consider a general adversarial stochastic optimization model. Our model involves the design of a system that an adversary may subsequently attempt to destroy or degrade. We introduce SPAR, which utilizes mixed-integer programming for the design decision and a Markov decision process (MDP) for the modeling of our adversarial phase. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.