Dynamic sliding gap multileaf collimator (MLC) fields are used to model MLC properties within the treatment planning system (TPS) for dynamic treatments. One of the key MLC properties in the Eclipse TPS is the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) and precise determination of this parameter is paramount to ensuring accurate dose delivery. In this investigation, we report on how the spacing between control ...

This study evaluates changes in the dosimetric characteristics of a Varian Millennium 80-leaf multileaf collimator (MLC) in a radiation field. In this study, dose rate, scatter factor, percentage depth dose, surface dose and dose in the buildup region, beam profile, flatness and symmetry, and penumbra width measurements were made for 6-MV and 15-MV photon beams. Analysis of widths between 50% d...

Ca ion is a universal intracellular messenger that regulates numerous biological functions. In smooth muscle, Ca with calmodulin activates myosin light chain (MLC) kinase to initiate a rapid MLC phosphorylation and contraction. To test the hypothesis that regulation of MLC phosphatase is involved in the rapid development of MLC phosphorylation and contraction during Ca transient, we compared Ca...

Ca(2+) ion is a universal intracellular messenger that regulates numerous biological functions. In smooth muscle, Ca(2+) with calmodulin activates myosin light chain (MLC) kinase to initiate a rapid MLC phosphorylation and contraction. To test the hypothesis that regulation of MLC phosphatase is involved in the rapid development of MLC phosphorylation and contraction during Ca(2+) transient, we...

We present MLC ++ , a library of C ++ classes and tools for supervised Machine Learning. While MLC ++ provides general learning algorithms that can be used by end users, the main objective is to provide researchers and experts with a wide variety of tools that can accelerate algorithm development, increase software reliability, provide comparison tools, and display information visually. More th...

The purpose of this study was to measure the multileaf collimator (MLC) transmission from the first Hi-Art II tomotherapy machine installed at the Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC). The MLC transmission was measured with an A1SL ion chamber and the radiographic extended dose range (EDR2) film in virtual water slabs at 1.5-cm depth with a source-to-surface...

Citron kinase is a Rho-effector protein kinase that is related to Rho-associated kinases of ROCK/ROK/Rho-kinase family. Both ROCK and citron kinase are suggested to play a role in cytokinesis. However, no substrates are known for citron kinase. We found that citron kinase phosphorylated regulatory light chain (MLC) of myosin II at both Ser-19 and Thr-18 in vitro. Unlike ROCK, however, citron ki...

Myosin II plays a central role in epithelial morphogenesis; however, its role has mainly been examined in processes involving a single cell type. Here we analyze the structure, spatial requirement and regulation of myosin II during C. elegans embryonic elongation, a process that involves distinct epidermal cells and muscles. We developed novel GFP probes to visualize the dynamics of actomyosin ...

PURPOSE In this study the effects of small systematic MLC misalignments and gravitational errors on the quality of Rapidarc treatment plan delivery are investigated with respect to verification measurements with two detector arrays and the evaluation of clinical significance of the error-induced deviations. METHODS Five prostate and six head and neck plans were modified by means of three erro...

The limited use lifetime is a significant drawback of the solid state disk (SSD). When the P/E cycles exceed the nominal endurance limit, the entire SSD is rendered non-functional as worn out. As the low endurance, the MLC Flash based SSD is not suitable used in lifetime-aware applications and the totalbyte-written of conventional MLC SSD is much less than SLC SSD. In this paper, we proposed an...