Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency was reported to increase resistance of mammalian cells to killing by several genotoxic substances. However, although MMR-deficient cells are approximately 100-fold more resistant to killing by S(N)1 type methylating agents than MMR-proficient controls, the sensitivity differences reported for the other agents were typically <2-fold. To test whether these differe...

Defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) result in elevated mutagenesis and in cancer predisposition. This disease burden arises because MMR is required to correct errors made in the copying of DNA. MMR is bidirectional at the level of DNA strand polarity as it operates equally well in the 5' to 3' and the 3' to 5' directions. However, the directionality of MMR with respect to the chromosome, which...

To improve replication fidelity, mismatch repair (MMR) must detect non-Watson-Crick base pairs and direct their repair to the nascent DNA strand. Eukaryotic MMR in vitro requires pre-existing strand discontinuities for initiation; consequently, it has been postulated that MMR in vivo initiates at Okazaki fragment termini in the lagging strand and at nicks generated in the leading strand by the ...

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system in mammalian cells not only serves to correct base mispairs and other replication errors, but it also influences the cellular response to certain forms of DNA damage. Cells that are deficient in MMR are relatively resistant to alkylatlon damage because, in wild-type cells, the MMR system is thought to promote toxicity @fia futile repair of alkylated mispairs...

BACKGROUND M-M-R(TM)II (MMRII; Merck & Co) is currently the only measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine licensed in the United States. Another licensed vaccine would reinforce MMR supply. This study assessed the immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine (Priorix(TM), GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines [MMR-RIT]) when used as a first dose among eligible children in the United States. METHODS In this explorator...

BACKGROUND The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is an important post-replicative repair process. It is involved in the maintenance of genomic stability and MMR genes have therefore been named the proofreaders of replicating DNA. These genes repair the replicative errors of DNA and are thus imperative for genomic stability. The MMR genes have been found to be involved in promoting cytotoxicity,...

It has been suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) is a cause of regressive autism. As MMR was used in Japan only between 1989 and 1993, this time period affords a natural experiment to examine this hypothesis. Data on 904 patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were analyzed. During the period of MMR usage no significant difference was found in the incidence of regr...

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) exhibiting microsatellite instability (MSI) have special biological behavior. The clinical predictors for MSI and its survival relevance for the Chinese population were still unclear. Seven hundred ninety-five CRC patients were retrospectively assessed. Mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, and MLH1) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry using tum...

Base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways play an important role in modulating cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) cytotoxicity. In this article, we identified a novel mechanistic role of both BER and MMR pathways in mediating cellular responses to cisplatin treatment. Cells defective in BER or MMR display a cisplatin-resistant phenotype. Targeting both BER and MMR...

Loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) function leads to the development and progression of certain cancers. Currently, assays for DNA MMR activity involve the use of cell extracts and are technically challenging and costly. Here, we report a rapid, less labor-intensive method that can quantitatively measure MMR activity in live cells. A G-G or T-G mismatch was introduced into the ATG start codon of...