We optimize the subjective depth of focus (DoF) with combinations of spherical aberration (SA4) and secondary spherical aberration (SA6) in various levels. Subjective DoF was defined as the visual interval for which three 20/50 high-contrast letters was perceived acceptable (objectionable blur limits). We used an adaptive optics system to dynamically correct the observer's aberrations and contr...

This paper analyzes four methods for estimating the spatial degrees of freedom (dof ) of a climate field: the x2 method, the Z method, the S method, and the B method. The results show that the B method provides the most accurate estimate of the dof. The x2 method, S method, and Z method yield underestimates when the number of realizations of the field is not sufficiently large or the field’s me...

The Dof domain protein family is a classic plant-specific zinc-finger transcription factor family involved in a variety of biological processes. There is great diversity in the number of Dof genes in different plants. However, there are only very limited reports on the characterization of Dof transcription factors in soybean (Glycine max). In the present study, 78 putative Dof genes were identi...

This paper touches upon the issue of designing of an upper-limb exoskeleton used for rehabilitation. Mainly there are presented the results concerning the mechanical design. The exoskeleton, also known as orthosis, has 12 degrees of freedom (DOF). Among 12 DOF there can be distinguished 7 DOF which are actively controlled during rehabilitation, 3 passive DOF which are responsible for wrist move...

A variety of techniques have been proposed to manipulate objects in three dimensions using only a two-dimensional input device, such as a standard mouse. Some of these methods lacked full six degree of freedom (DOF) control, instead manipulating only the two DOF orientation of the object. Others provide six DOF control at the cost of complex user operations and complex implementations. We exten...

Two-way relay is potentially an effective approach to spectrum sharing and aggregation by allowing simultaneous bidirectional transmissions between source-destinations pairs. This paper studies the two-way 2×2×2 relay network, a class of four-unicast networks, where there are four source/destination nodes and two relay nodes, with each source sending a message to its destination. We show that w...

In this paper, a systematic approach is developed for the structural synthesis of a class of four-degrees-of-freedom (4-DoF) and 5-DoF overconstrained parallel manipulators with identical serial limbs. The theory of screws and reciprocal screws is employed for the analysis of the geometric conditions that must be met by the limbs of such parallel manipulators. Limb structures that can be used f...

This paper presents gaze-dependent depth-of-field (DOF) rendering setup, consisting of high frequency eye tracker connected to a graphics workstation. A scene is rendered and visualised with the DOF simulation controlled by data captured with the eye tracker. To render a scene in real-time, the reverse-mapped z-buffer DOF simulation technique with the blurring method based on Poisson disk is us...