We present a case of untreated type II odontoid fracture, which evolved in severe dislocation 18 months later. Delayed dislocations fractures are already reported literature. The singularity our is that CT-scan showed signs fusion the right C1-C2 articulation, could have required more complex surgical procedure to realign upper cervical spine. Surprisingly, CT scan performed extension position ...

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a clinical disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). HAE has traditionally been divided into two subtypes. Unique among the inherited deficiencies of the complement system, HAE Types I and II are inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. The generation of an HAE attack is caused by the depletion and/or consumption of C1-inhibitor...

Acquired angioedema (AAE) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent attacks, late onset of symptoms and a marked decrease of C1 levels. Pathogenetically it is caused by an accelerated consumption of C1-inhibitor (C1-INH), resulting in C1-INH deficiency and uncontrolled complement activation. We describe successful treatment of a patient with AEE due to C1-INH autoantibody, administering 4 w...

Corneal-responsive neurons were recorded extracellularly in two regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) and subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1) transition regions, from methohexital-anesthetized male rats. Thirty-nine Vi/Vc and 26 Vc/C1 neurons that responded to mechanical and electrical stimulation of the cornea were examined for convergen...

For simplicity, we follow the rules: X, X1 denote sets, r, s denote real numbers, z denotes a complex number, R1 denotes a real normed space, and C1, C2, C3 denote complex normed spaces. Let X be a set, let C2, C3 be complex normed spaces, and let f be a partial function from C2 to C3. We say that f is uniformly continuous on X if and only if the conditions (Def. 1) are satisfied. (Def. 1)(i) X...

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially fatal genetic disorder typified by a deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of the C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) and characterized by swelling of the extremities, face, trunk, abdominal viscera, and upper airway. Type III is normal estrogen-sensitive C1-INH HAE. Bradykinin, the main mediator of HAE, binds to endothelial B2 receptors, increasing vascula...

The aim of this retrospective study was to examine hyoid bone position and C1 (atlas) morphology in males and females and analyze these parameters with respect to different sagittal skeletal patterns via cephalometry, with the goal of identifying cephalometric norms. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 120 individuals (average age: 21.1 ± 2.9 years) were classified according to their ANB ang...

INTRODUCTION Although pedicle or lateral mass screws are usually chosen to fix atlantoaxial (C1-C2) instability, there is an increased risk for vertebral artery (VA) injury when used in patients with bone or arterial anomalies or osteoporotic bone. Here we report the C1 posterior arch screw as a new technique for upper cervical fixation. CASE DESCRIPTION A 90-year-old man complained of upper ...

Hereditary angioedema (HAE), is an autosomal immunological disease, that is characterized by repetitive diffuse non-pitting painless edema without urticaria or pruritus. HAE is a rare disease with wide range of manifestation, thus diagnosis can be easily missed. Screening for HAE should be warranted in any patient with following manifestations; recurrent self-limiting unexplained abdominal pain...