PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of emergency department technicians' (EDT) use of ultrasound (US) guided peripheral intravenous (PIV) access compared to the traditional approach on a subset of patients with difficult IV access. METHODS We enrolled a convenience sample of 75 ED patients with difficult IV access (at least 2 failed PIV attempts). During phase I, EDTs used the standa...

Here we describe the implementation of a large-scale multicamera particle image velocity (PIV) measurement to resolve the large range of spatial scales prevalent in moderate to high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers. The objective of these experiments is to capture instantaneous snapshots of recently discovered large coherent structures which are known to inhabit the log and outer regio...

In order to research into the cytology mechanism of anti-virus action of total flavone of Scutellaria barbata (TFSB), the effects of TFSB on host cells membrane potential, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and membrane fluidity after parainfluenza virus type1 (PIV-1) infection were studied. The changes of membrane potential which was fluorescent labeled with DiBAC4(3) and its changes were measured by ...

MHC class II is expressed in restricted lineages and is modulated in response to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli. This expression is controlled by MHC CIITA, which is transcribed from multiple promoters. Although factors required for induction of CIITA are well characterized, less is known about the mechanisms leading to repression of this gene. During plasma cell differentiation, B lymphocy...

BACKGROUND Studies have identified hemodynamic shear stress as an important determinant of endothelial function and atherosclerosis. In this study, we assess the influences of hemodynamic shear stress on carotid plaques. METHODS Carotid stenosis phantoms with three severity (30, 50, 70%) were made from 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel. The phantoms were placed in a pulsatile flow loop with...

A technique to enhance the reconstruction quality and consequently the accuracy of the velocity vector field obtained in Tomo-PIV experiments is presented here. The methodology involves detecting and eliminating spurious outliers in the reconstructed intensity field (ghost particles). A simulacrum matching-based reconstruction enhancement (SMRE) technique is proposed, which utilizes the charact...

Community respiratory viruses are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Data on characteristics and outcomes of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in these patients are limited. We reviewed the records of patients with leukemia and HSCT recipients who developed PIV infections to determine the character...

In this work a comparison of multiphase PIV and LDA measurement methods is made. The objective of the work is twofold: to provide measurement results that can be used to validate multiphase CFD simulations and to assess the different acquisition and analysis methods in multiphase measurements. The former is done with the use of a two-camera PIV/LIF method. It is shown that this method gives det...

Recent developments in the field of echocardiography have introduced various noninvasive methods to image blood flow within the heart chambers. FDA-approved microbubbles can be used for intracardiac blood flow imaging and determining the velocity of the blood based on the displacement of the bubbles and the frame rate of the ultrasound scan. A limitation of this approach is that the velocity fi...