Thioredoxin (TRX) is a potent protein disulfide oxidoreductase important in antioxidant defense and regulation of cell growth and signal transduction processes, among them the production of nitric oxide. We report that lung TRX and its reductase, TR, are specifically upregulated at birth by O2. Throughout the third trimester, mRNAs for TRX and TR were expressed constitutively at low levels in f...

The thioredoxin (TRX) system (TRX, TRX reductase, and NADPH) is a ubiquitous thiol oxidoreductase system that regulates cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status. The oxidation mechanism for disease pathogenesis states that an imbalance in cell redox state alters function of multiple cell pathways. In this study, we review the essential role for TRX to limit oxidative stress directly via anti...

Introduction Thioredoxin (Trx) is an endogenous multifunctional protein with a redox-active disulfide/dithiol within the conserved active site sequence: -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys[1]. Trx is also a stress-inducible protein whose expression is enhanced by various types of stresses, e.g., viral infection, exposure to UV light, x-ray irradiation, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [2]. Furthermore, Trx is a scave...

Thioredoxin (Trx), a ubiquitous protein intimately involved in redox and protein disulfide reductions, has been shown to be released from cells and to have cytokine-like activities. In addition, Trx has been implicated in the redox regulation of immunological responses and shown to be deficient in tissues from AIDS patients. In studies presented here, plasma Trx levels were measured by ELISA in...

PURPOSE Thioredoxin (Trx) is a multifunctional endogenous redox regulator that protects cells against various types of cellular or tissue stresses. This study was conducted to test whether sulforaphane (SF), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate that is highly concentrated in broccoli sprouts, induces Trx in retinal tissues and whether pretreatment with SF protects against light-induced retinal ...

It has been generally accepted, primarily from studies on methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) A, that the biological reducing agent for the members of the Msr family is reduced thioredoxin (Trx), although high levels of DTT can be used as the reductant in vitro. Preliminary experiments using both human recombinant MsrB2 (hMsrB2) and MsrB3 (hMsrB3) showed that although DTT can function in vitro...

Using models of serum deprivation and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), we investigated the mechanism by which thioredoxin (Trx) exerts its antiapoptotic protection in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and preconditioning-induced neuroprotection. We showed that SH-SY5Y cells are highly sensitive to oxidative stress and responsive to both extracellularly administered and preconditioning-in...

The thioredoxin (Trx) system of Mycobacterium leprae is expressed as a single hybrid protein containing thioredoxin reductase (TR) at its N terminus and Trx at its C terminus. This hybrid Trx system is unique to M. leprae, since in all other organisms studied to date, including other mycobacteria, both TR and Trx are expressed as two separate proteins. Because Trx has been shown to scavenge rea...

We investigated the expression of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in 89 non-small cell lung carcinomas. Additionally, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS 2B) and four human lung carcinoma cells lines (A549, SK-MES-1, CALU-6, and A427) were studied by Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR for the synthesis of Trx and TrxR protein and mRNA expression in vit...