We have designed, fabricated, and tested an adaptive WinnerTake-All (WTA) circuit based upon the classic WTA of Lazzaro, et al [IJ. We have added a time dimension (adaptation) to this circuit to make the input derivative an important factor in winner selection. To accomplish this, we have modified the classic WTA circuit by adding floating gate transistors which slowly null their inputs over ti...

This paper presents a learning algorithm for a VMM + WTA classifier one layer architecture on a Large-Scale Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). The technique enables opportunities for embedded, ultra-low power machine learning, techniques typically considered for large servers. To develop this training algorithm, the paper starts by understanding fundamental equivalent transformations for V...

The contents, components, and synthesis genes of cell wall teichoic acid (WTA) in 18 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were compared. The WTA of each strain was classified by its components as being either the glycerol- or the ribitol-type. The different strains in the WTA type showed marked differences also in two gene regions, tagD1-tagF2 and lp_1816-tagB2, as for the presence or absence, nu...

A weight normalization procedure, commonly called pushing, is introduced for weighted tree automata (wta) over commutative semifields. The normalization preserves the recognized weighted tree language even for nondeterministic wta, but it is most useful for bottom-up deterministic wta, where it can be used for minimization and equivalence testing. In both applications a careful selection of the...

We have designed, fabricated, and tested an adaptive Winner{ Take{All (WTA) circuit based upon the classic WTA of Lazzaro, et al 1]. We have added a time dimension (adaptation) to this circuit to make the input derivative an important factor in winner selection. To accomplish this, we have modiied the classic WTA circuit by adding oating gate transistors which slowly null their inputs over time...

The gap between willingness-to-pay (WTP) and willingness-to-accept (WTA) benefit values typifies situations in which reference points—and direction of movement from reference points—are consequential. Why WTA-WTP discrepancies arise is not well understood. We generalize models of reference dependence to identify separate reference dependence effects for increases and decreases in environmental ...

An approach for implementing a two dimensional dynamic element matching (DEM) technique for enhancement of a mixed signal WTA tracking system is shown to be achieved. The system consists of a version of a commonly used winner-take-all (WTA) for brightest object tracking, which is traditionally implemented as an analog circuit and suitable for integration with CMOS Active Pixel Sensors (APS). It...

This paper examines and compares households' willingness to accept (WTA)/willingness to pay (WTP) ratio for solar power equipment on their premises through both a novel experimental approach and conventional techniques. The experimental approach was administered by using a Becker-DeGroot-Marschak method and cheap talk, with open-ended questions of WTA/WTP. The results were quite striking. The r...

In the paper [1] published in CVPR, we presented a method that can directly use deformable part models (DPMs) trained as in [3]. After training, HOG based part filters are hashed, and, during inference, counts of hashing collisions summed over all hash bands serve as a proxy for part-filter / sliding-window dot products, i.e., filter responses. These counts are an approximation and so we take t...

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) encoding virulence and resistance genes are widespread in bacterial pathogens, but it has remained unclear how they occasionally jump to new host species. Staphylococcus aureus clones exchange MGEs such as S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) with high frequency via helper phages. Here we report that the S. aureus ST395 lineage is refractory to horizontal gene ...