BACKGROUND Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a life-threatening channelopathy manifesting as recurrent episodes of hypokalemia and muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism. Recent findings indicate defects of inward rectifying K+ (Kir) channels are associated with some TPP patients. The associations are not only found in Caucasian population (mainly Brazilian), but also in Singap...

The binding of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to several enzymes has been determined by measuring cofactordependent activity after passage of each enzyme through a column of Sephadex G-25 to remove non-protein-bound cofactors. TPP was found to be bound irreversibly to yeast and Zymomonas pyruvate decarboxylases, Aerobacter (Yacetolactate synthetase, and Escherichia glyoxylate carboligase. Cofacto...

OBJECTIVES To identify a clinically reliable index of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP), a life-threatening emergency with unique and effective therapies. DESIGN Diagnostic study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS Fifty-three consecutive patients with hypokalemic paralysis during a 3-yr period and 30 thyrotoxic patients without paralysis as the thyrotoxic control group. I...

The opponent-process theory posits that the aversive state of acute opiate withdrawal is a consequence of, and depends on, the previous rewarding state evoked by acute morphine reward. Although the brainstem tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (TPP) is crucial for the rewarding component of morphine, the source of the later aversive component is not known. It is possible that (i) the second aver...

The ability to survive within a cooperative society depends on impartial third-party punishment (TPP) of social norm violations. Two cognitive mechanisms have been postulated as necessary for the successful completion of TPP: evaluation of legal responsibility and selection of a suitable punishment given the magnitude of the crime. Converging neuroimaging research suggests two supporting domain...

Tri-phenyl-phosphonium (TPP) is a non-toxic chemical moiety that functionally behaves as a mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS) in living cells. Here, we explored the hypothesis that TPP-related compounds could be utilized to inhibit mitochondria in cancer stem cells (CSCs). We randomly selected 9 TPP-related compounds for screening, using an ATP depletion assay. Based on this approach, five co...

BACKGROUND Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare complication of thyrotoxicosis characterized by acute attacks of muscle weakness and hypokalemia. Recently, variation in several genes was suggested to be associated with TPP. This study evaluated the genetic predisposition to TPP in terms of the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), androgen receptor (AR), and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor α3 s...