In vivo pulmonary arterial catheterization was used to determine the mechanism by which platelet-activating factor (PAF) produces pulmonary edema in rats. PAF induces pulmonary edema by increasing pulmonary microvascular permeability (PMP) without changing the pulmonary pressure gradient. Rats were cannulated for measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and mean arterial pressure. PMP w...

BACKGROUND UK native renal biopsy incidence is unknown. Biopsy registries in other countries indicate that the incidence of renal biopsy varies widely. Indications for renal biopsy are largely opinion based. METHODS The Scottish Renal Biopsy Registry aimed to analyse the incidence of native renal biopsy in Scotland and examine indications and diagnoses obtained where practice varied widely. ...

INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the characteristics of adult patients starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the UK in 2010 and the incidence rates for RRT in Primary Care Trusts and Health Boards (PCT/HBs) in the UK. METHODS The basic demographics and clinical characteristics are reported on patients starting RRT from all UK renal centres. Presentation time, defined as time between ...

From 2008 to 2013 there was a 25% increase in the absolute number of hemodialysis sessions (10,022,962; 12,561,623). This resulted in an estimated overall increase of 18% in the ratio of patients on hemodialysis per million population (352 pmp; 416 pmp). There were considerable differences among Brazilian States regarding the prevalence of patients with ESRD on hemodialysis. In 2013, the preval...

This paper compares two optimal energy management methods for parallel hybrid electric vehicles using an Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT). A control-oriented model of the powertrain and vehicle dynamics is built first. The energy management is formulated as a typical optimal control problem to trade off the fuel consumption and gear shifting frequency under admissible constraints. The Dynami...

Conventional isotachophoresis (ITP) can be used for pre-concentration of a single analyte, but preconcentration multiple analytes is time consuming due to handling and washing steps required the extensive buffer optimization procedure. In this work, we present programmable microfluidic platform (PMP) demonstrate fully automated ITP analytes. By interfacing PMP with ITP, selection repetitive pro...

We introduce a new type of graphical model that we call a “memory factor network” (MFN). We show how to use MFNs to model the structure inherent in many types of data sets. We also introduce an associated message-passing style algorithm called “proactive message passing” (PMP) that performs inference on MFNs. PMP comes with convergence guarantees and is efficient in comparison to competing algo...

the probable maximum precipitation (pmp) is the greatest depth of precipitation for a given duration that is physically possible over a given size storm area at a particular geographical location at a certain time of the year. in this study a physically based method was compared with a statistical procedure to calculate pmp in the southwest arid regions of iran. in order to estimate pmp using a...