A diverse board has been seen as an important factor contributing to the success andsustainability of a company. Therefore, policies enhance diversity boards havebeen implemented in many countries around globe. However, previous findings on theimpact female leaders firm performance still remain inconclusive. Using dataset 20Vietnamese commercial banks over period from 2013 2019, this paper exam...

اندازه‌گیری پرتو گاما در زمینه‌های مختلف تحقیقاتی نیازمند آشکارسازهای کارآمد است. زمینه دزیمتری فوتون آشکارساز جرقه‌ای NaI(Tl) به عنوان یکی از سوسوزن معدنی (غیرآلی)، علت دارا بودن مقدار بالای نور خروجی بسیار حایز اهمیت این پژوهش سعی گردیده است، با کمک کد مونت‌کارلو (MCNPX) مقدمات مشخصه‌یابی توسط و بهره‌گیری روش‌های متفاوت محاسبه دز (تالی‌های 6F، 4*F، 6+F 8*F) انجام شود. طور معمول، یک تابش (شمار...

Financial crises in countries are often accompanied by an out‡ow of foreign portfolio investment and an in‡ow of foreign direct investment (FDI). We provide an agency-theoretic framework that explains this phenomenon. During crises, agency problems a¤ecting domestic …rms are exacerbated, and, in turn, external …nancing constrained. Direct ownership can circumvent these problems, but during cris...

Article history: Received 21 August 2013 Accepted 15 November 2013 Available online 19 December 2013 Capital adequacy plays an important role in determining banking activities. A bank must hold a minimum level of capital to ensure sufficient funds to buffer against unexpected losses or adverse shocks. This study analyzes and compares Islamic and conventional banks in 14 Organization of Islamic ...

We highlight the ex ante risk-shifting incentives faced by a bank’s shareholders/managers when CoCos (contingent convertible capital) are part of the capital structure. The risk shifting incentive arises from the wealth transfers that the shareholders will receive upon the CoCo’s conversion under CoCo designs widely used in practice. Specifically we show that for principal writedown and nondilu...

External finance is critical for less established entrepreneurs, so poor investor protection can hinder competition. We model how lobbying for weaker investor protection reduces access to finance and decreases competition in countries where politicians are less accountable to voters. Weaker accountability thus produces a smaller economic elite. As empirical support for this result, in a broad p...

This study examines bank risk by investigating the equity and loan portfolio characteristics of publicly-traded bank holding companies. Unlike the pattern for non-financial firms, equity betas of large banks are two to five times greater than those of small banks. In explaining this, we note that regulation imposes an effective cap on banks’ equity volatility. Because the portfolios of small ba...

In the recent recession and current economic recovery, policymakers have supported asset prices in the U.S. treasury and mortgage markets, expecting that improvement in the balance sheet of banks will lead to more commercial lending. In general, we document that increases in housing prices in a bank’s deposit base lead banks to decrease commercial lending. Further, we find that a one-standard d...

This paper investigates the role of banking supervision in controlling bank risk. Banking supervision is measured in terms of enforcement outputs (i.e., on-site audits and sanctions). Our results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between on-site audits and bank risk, while the relationship between sanctions and risk appears to be linear and negative. We also consider the combined effect of...

هدیکچ هقباس و فده : ناطرس زا بسانم تاعلاطا اب یم صاخ یئایفارغج هیحان رد فلتخم یاه همانرب ناوت ار یبط یاه یارب لابرغ و نامرد یرگ ) Screening ( هورگ دومن صخشم رطخرپ یاه . نآ زا هک اج گرم نازیم نانمس ناتسا تشادهب زکرم لااب ریم و ی زکرم رد یناقوف شراوگ هاگتسد ناطرس رثا رب ار ی ا هدرک شرازگ ناریا تس . یماـمت تـبث و یـسررب یارـب تفریذپ ماجنا یعماج قیقحت نانمس ناتسا یموب تیعمج نیب رد ناطرس دراوم ...