The expressiveness and complexity of several active database prototypes are formally studied. First, a generic framework for the spec-iication of active databases is developed. This factors out the common aspects of the prototypes considered, and allows studying various active database features independently of any speciic prototype. Furthermore, each of the prototypes can be speciied by specia...

This paper provides an empirical analysis of relationship between economic growth and its determinants with special focus on the stock market development in Zimbabwe. Using data for the period from 1991 to 2007 the study employed FMOLS and ARDL bounds-testing for the long run relationship and ECM for the short run dynamics. The findings suggest a positive relationship between efficient stock ma...

This paper examines to what extent financial development contributes to output expansion in Malaysia, during the period 1960-2003. An augmented neoclassical growth framework is adopted to provide an evaluation of the impact of financial sector development on economic development. Using the recently developed ARDL bounds procedure, the results show that aggregate output and its determinants are ...

This article examines the determinants of health expenditures in Tunisia during the period 1961-2008, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran et al. (2001). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between per capita health expenditure, GDP, population ageing, medical density and environmental quality. In fact, on the one hand ...

This paper investigates whether the Feldstein and Horioka (1980) argument on domestic saving-investment relationship is supported by the data of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region when the financial development levels and exchange rate regimes are taken into account. To this end, we employ both the ARDL bounds cointegration test and panel mean group procedures. The ...

In the light of previous literature fertility determines different economic, social and program inputs variables. The main object of this study to investigate the impact of sector specific (health and education) foreign aid on fertility in case of Pakistan. For empirical investigation Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) is used over the period of 1973-2012. The results of the study sho...

The Algerian economy is an example of a high level of rentierism, while the Egyptian economy shows a low/moderate level of rentierism. The ARDL bounds test approach was used upon annual time series data from 1965 to 2010. The results suggest cointegration for both countries. Bi-causality between energy consumption and growth in the long run was found. For Algeria there is a reversed (negative) ...

The present paper analyses the relations between food and oil prices for Malaysia using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model. The bounds test of the NARDL specification suggests the presence of cointegration among the variables, which include the food price, oil price and real GDP. The estimated NARDL model affirms the presence of asymmetries in the food price behavior. Nam...

Contemporary economies of developing countries are changing due to rapid changes in the world economy. The emergence of international financial industry for worldwide network of transactions altered the role of international economy. Increased financial flows have altered the role of private capital and subsequently effect resource allocation. The economies of developing countries are witnessin...