Let Mn be the set of n × n complex matrices, and for every A ∈ Mn, let Sp(A) denote the spectrum of A. For various types of products A1 ∗ · · · ∗ Ak on Mn, it is shown that a mapping φ : Mn → Mn satisfying Sp(A1 ∗ · · · ∗ Ak) = Sp(φ(A1) ∗ · · · ∗ φ(Ak)) for all A1, . . . , Ak ∈ Mn has the form X → ξS−1XS or A → ξS−1XtS for some invertible S ∈ Mn and scalar ξ. The result covers the special cases...

Software architectural knowledge (AK) is the integrated representation of the software architecture (SA) of a software-intensive system, the architectural design decisions, and the external context/environment. AK annotation using AK conceptual model is used to recover formal AK from SA documentation, including architecture design as well as the design decisions, rationale, context, and other f...

In multicellular organisms p53 maintains genomic integrity through activation of DNA repair, and apoptosis. EBNA3C can down regulate p53 transcriptional activity. Aurora kinase (AK) B phosphorylates p53, which leads to degradation of p53. Aberrant expression of AK-B is a hallmark of numerous human cancers. Therefore changes in the activities of p53 due to AK-B and EBNA3C expression is important...

acanthamoeba keratitis (ak) is a sight-threating infection of the cornea that mostly affects contact lens wearers. until now, ak treatment remains very difficult due to the existence of a highly resistant cyst stage in the life cycle of acanthamoeba which is extremely resistant to most of the available anti-amoebic compounds. moreover, current treatment of ak is usually based in the combination...

BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that adenylate kinase locus 1 (Ak 1 ) has an important role in the control of blood glucose level and in the glycation of structural and functional proteins in type 2 diabetes and in the balanced development of feto-placental unit in healthy puerperae (HP). In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the relationship of Ak 1 with maternal and neonatal p...

We present a new approach to evaluating combinatorial sums by using finite differences. Let {ak}k=0 and {bk}k=0 be sequences with the property that ∆bk = ak for k ≥ 0. Let gn = ∑n k=0 ( n k ) ak, and let hn = ∑n k=0 ( n k ) bk. We derive expressions for gn in terms of hn and for hn in terms of gn. We then extend our approach to handle binomial sums of the form ∑n k=0 ( n k ) (−1)ak, ∑ k ( n 2k ...

In the field of software architecture, there has been a paradigm shift from describing structural information, such as components and connectors, to documenting Architectural Knowledge (AK), such as design decisions and rationale. To this end, a series of industrial and academic domain models have been proposed for defining the concepts and their relationships in the field of AK. To a large ext...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Although Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Asian, its functionality and mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract of AK (AK-Ex) on acute hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AAP) in HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells and HepaRG human ...

1 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 2 ABR, Inc., Fairbanks, AK, USA 3 Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 4 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 5 Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 6 Department of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, R...