We propose an extension of the algorithm for nonlinear dimensional reduction locally linear embedding (LLE) based on the usage of the geodesic distance (ISOLLE). In LLE, each data point is reconstructed from a linear combination of its n nearest neighbors, which are typically found using the Euclidean distance. We show that the search for the neighbors performed with respect to the geodesic dis...

PURPOSE This study investigated the etiology of late language emergence (LLE) in 24-month-old twins, considering possible twinning, zygosity, gender, and heritability effects for vocabulary and grammar phenotypes. METHOD A population-based sample of 473 twin pairs participated. Multilevel modeling estimated means and variances of vocabulary and grammar phenotypes, controlling for familiality....

PURPOSE The primary objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of late language emergence (LLE) and to investigate the predictive status of maternal, family, and child variables. METHOD This is a prospective cohort study of 1,766 epidemiologically ascertained 24-month-old singleton children. The framework was an ecological model of child development encompassing a wide range of...

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is an elegant nonlinear dimensionality-reduction technique recently introduced by Roweis and Saul [2]. It fails when the data is divided into separate groups. We study a variant of LLE that can simultaneously group the data and calculate local embedding of each group. An estimate for the upper bound on the intrinsic dimension of the data set is obtained automatica...

This paper evaluates the performance of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) in separating and concentrating aqueous fullerene (nC(60)) from wastewater and compares UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for the quantification of C(60). LLE was suitable for multiple wastewater matrices, while SPE required filtration or reclaimed wastewater and secondary effluent of...

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is the most commonly sample preparation procedure used by forensic toxicologists in China for screening drugs in whole human blood. It extracts numerous substances from blood including targeted drugs and interfering substances, specifically triglycerides (TG). With increasing prevalence of hyperlipidemia, the influences of TG on LLE and on subsequent analysis with...