A recent statement by AT&T CEO Ed Whitacre sparked considerable fear in the public that the Internet may not be open any more: the ISPs dictate which sites/applications flourish and which flounder. The statement triggered the heated debate on net neutrality and ignited the battle to enact net neutrality legislation. However, by the date of writing, all attempts to pass net neutrality laws have ...

We show how optimal saving in a two-period model is affected when prudence and risk aversion of the underlying utility function change. Increasing prudence alone will induce higher savings only if, for certain combinations of the interest rate and the pure time discount rate, there is distributional neutrality between the two periods. Otherwise, changes of risk aversion that affect the distribu...

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Community ecology is in a current state of creative ferment, stimulated by the development of neutral models of community organization. Here, I reflect on recent papers by Scheffer and van Nes, and by Gravel et al., which illuminate how neutrality can emerge from ecological and evolutionary processes, thus suggesting ways to unify neutral and niche perspectives.

In this paper, we attempt to correct a popularity bias, which is the tendency for popular items to be recommended more frequently, by enhancing recommendation neutrality. Recommendation neutrality involves excluding specified information from the prediction process of recommendation. This neutrality was formalized as the statistical independence between a recommendation result and the specified...

Many enzymes in intermediary metabolism manifest saturation kinetics in which flux is a concave function of enzyme activity and often of the MichaelisMenten form. The result is that, when natural selection favors increased enzyme activity so as to maximize flux, a point of diminishing returns will be attained in which any increase in flux results in a disproportionately small increase in fitnes...

In recent years, not only ruggedness but also neutrality has been recognized as an important feature of a fitness landscape for genetic search. As it has been reported that the evolutionary dynamics on a fitness landscape with neutrality is clearly different from the canonical explanations, ruggedness alone might be inadequate describing it. Another measure, i.e., neutrality is required. In thi...

This policy brief examines key themes highlighted during a series of roundtable discussions exploring South Asian Perspectives on Net Neutrality, hosted by the Centre for Internet and Society in association with the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Observer Research Foundation and IT for Change and provides recommendations for future research agendas on net neutra...

We analyze the issue of the impact of multiple breaks on monetary neutrality results, using a long annual international data set. We empirically verify whether neutrality propositions remain addressable (and if so, whether they hold or not), when unit root tests are carried out allowing for multiple structural breaks in the long-run trend function of the variables. It is found that conclusions ...