Hundreds of brown dwarfs (BDs) have been discovered in the last few years in stellar clusters and among field stars. BDs are almost as numerous as hydrogen burning stars and so any theory of star formation should also explain their origin. The “mystery” of the origin of BDs is that their mass is more than 10 times smaller than the average Jeans’ mass in star–forming clouds, and yet they are so ...

abstract   background: to improve the debilitating features of parkinson disease (pd) different medical and surgical approaches are available. subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (stn-dbs) was appeared to be a promising method during last two decades. this study aimed to evaluate early motor outcomes of this procedure in first trial of iranian patients .   methods: thirty-seven consecuti...

Star formation in the Taurus–Auriga (TA) molecular clouds is producing binary-rich aggregates containing at most a few dozen systems within a region spanning one pc without massive stars. This environment is very different to another well-studied starforming event which produced the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC). The ONC contains a few thousand systems within a region of one pc including massive s...

The joint use of multi-frequency signals brings new prospects for precise positioning and has become a trend in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) development. However, a new type of inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB), namely the difference between satellite clocks computed with different ionospheric-free carrier phase combinations, was noticed. Consequently, the B1/B3 precise point posit...

Nonideal, nonsingle-domain magnetic grains are ubiquitous in rocks; however, they can have a detrimental impact on the fidelity of paleomagnetic records-in particular the determination of ancient magnetic field strength (paleointensity), a key means of understanding the evolution of the earliest geodynamo and the formation of the solar system. As a consequence, great effort has been expended to...

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique enables stand-alone receivers to obtain cm-level positioning accuracy. Observations from multi-GNSS systems can augment users with improved positioning accuracy, reliability and availability. In this paper, we present and evaluate the GPS/BDS combined PPP models, including the traditional model and a simplified model, where the inter-system bias (ISB) i...

Bunodosine 391 (BDS 391), a low molecular weight compound isolated from the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum, increases the nociceptive threshold and inhibits inflammatory hyperalgesia. Serotonin receptors are involved in those effects. In this study, we have expanded the characterization of the antinociceptive effect of BDS 391 demonstrating that, in rats: (a) the compound inhibits (1.2-12 ng/p...

OBJECTIVES To investigate effects on surveillance results of hospital antibiotic use when WHO defined daily doses (WHO DDDs) are adjusted to doses recommended for hospitalized patients [hospital-adjusted defined daily doses (haDDDs)]. METHODS Data for antibiotic use in 2006-11 for all 22 Norwegian Health Enterprises were analysed with both WHO DDDs and haDDDs as numerators. The haDDDs were de...

Microbial desulfurization, or biodesulfurization (BDS), of fuels is a promising technology because it can desulfurize compounds that are recalcitrant to the current standard technology in the oil industry. One of the obstacles to the commercialization of BDS is the reduction in biocatalyst activity concomitant with the accumulation of the end product, 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP), during the process...

In order to satisfy the requirement of high-rate high-precision applications, 1 Hz BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellite clock corrections are generated based on precise orbit products, and the quality of the generated clock products is assessed by comparing with those from the other analysis centers. The comparisons show that the root mean square (RMS) of clock errors of geostatio...