The differential reflection phase shift, Delta = delta(p) - delta(s), associated with the external reflection of monochromatic light at the surface of an absorbing medium is a monotonically decreasing function of the angle of incidence ø which is determined by the complex dielectric function epsilon. A new special angle of incidence, denoted by ø(Delta'max), is defined at which the slope Delta'...

ù ù ù Ê ù Ê Ê ù ù ë ù Ê Ñ ë Ê ù ñ Ê Ñ ò ÿ , è õ õ ë ë ý • ø õ À • ´ ð ´ ´ , ´ ñ è é y è ù ù ú ù Ê î ù ñ Ê ù ù Ñ Ê ù Ê Ê ù Ê ù Ê Ê ù ù ë , ø õ • ë • ² õ • ´ ë ñ è • ´ ü þ î ì # î Ê ù î ù õ ù Ê Ê â ñ Ê Ê ñ ö ì • • ý ï • y ù õ ë õ è ù • • À ² î Ê ù î ù î Ö ø â ² ì é õ ø y ù õ Ê Ê î ù ñ ù Ê ñ õ î î â è ø ÿ þ À õ ´ õ À ñ • ´ • y ù õ õ • é H # ñ î ñ ù ù î ù Ê Ê î õ ñ ù ù ñ î ù î õ ù Ê î ù ù ñ î î Ê î...

We calculate partition functions for lens spaces Lp,q up to p = 8 and for genus 1 and 2 handlebodies H1, H2 in the Turaev-Viro framework. These can be interpreted as transition amplitudes in 3D quantum gravity. In the case of lens spaces Lp,q these are vacuum-to-vacuum amplitudes Ø → Ø, whereas for the 1and 2-handlebodies H1, H2 they represent genuinely topological transition amplitudes Ø → T 2...

Ronan M. G. Berg, Ronni R. Plovsing, Andreas Ronit, Damian M. Bailey, Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou, and Kirsten Møller Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Renal and Vascular Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denm...

This paper presents a new method to derive monthly averaged surface air temperature, Ta, from multiple data sets. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and total precipitable water (W)from the SSM/I sensor are used as inputs to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Surface air temperature (Ta) measurements from the Surface Marine Data (SMD) are ...

The technique of 306-channel magnetoencephalogaphy (MEG) was used in eight healthy volunteers to test whether silent lip-reading modulates auditory-cortex processing of phonetic sounds. Auditory test stimuli (either Finnish vowel /ae/ or /ø/) were preceded by a 500 ms lag by either another auditory stimulus (/ae/, /ø/ or the second-formant midpoint between /ae/ and /ø/), or silent movie of a pe...

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This study investigates cross-linguistic transfer in the production of long mid front vowels [ø?] and [œ?] by simultaneous bilingual Finnish Finland-Swedish speakers Finland. In Swedish, phoneme /ø/ can be realised as allophones [ø] [œ], while Finnish, only is used. Combining approaches from sociophonetic research, used acoustic analysis to compare height fronting produced monolingual three dif...