We study the complexity of solving succinct zero-sum games, i.e., the games whose payoff matrix M is given implicitly by a Boolean circuit C such that M(i, j) = C(i, j). We complement the known EXP-hardness of computing the exact value of a succinct zero-sum game by several results on approximating the value. (1) We prove that approximating the value of a succinct zero-sum game to within an add...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of mechanical and chemical treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal orthodontic brackets on zirconia restoration. The zirconia specimens were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 10) according to three factors: AL (Al2O3) and CO (CoJet™) by sandblasting material; SIL (silane), ZPP (Zirconia Prime Plus), and SBU (Single...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify the determinants of anemia among rural Filipino children aged 12-71 months. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2090 preschool children from 8 rural villages in Cebu, an area non-endemic for malaria and schistosomiasis. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined using a HemoCue hemoglobinometer and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrat...

BACKGROUND Lead poisoning affects many organs in the body. Lead inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme with two co-dominantly expressed alleles, ALAD1 and ALAD2. OBJECTIVE Our meta-analysis studied the effects of the ALAD polymorphism on a) blood and bone lead levels and b) indicators of target organ toxicity. DATA SOURCE We included studies reporting one or more o...

We show that Sp2 ⊆ P , where Sp2 is the symmetric alternation class and prAM refers to the promise version of the Arthur-Merlin class AM. This is derived as a consequence of our main result that presents an FP algorithm for finding a small set of “collectively irrefutable certificates” of a given S2-type matrix. The main result also yields some new consequences of the hypothesis that NP has pol...

We compared oxygenation and derivatization of hemoglobin for the hematofluorometric determination of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP). No statistically significant differences were found when the volume ratio of sample to ProtoFluor reagent (which converts hemoglobin to cyanohemoglobin) was changed from 1:1 to 1:4. With the derivatizing reagent, results were significantly higher than those...

We show that Sp2 ⊆ P , where Sp2 is the symmetric alternation class and prAM refers to the promise version of the Arthur-Merlin class AM. This is derived as a consequence of our main result that presents an FP algorithm for finding a small set of “collectively irrefutable certificates” of a given S2-type matrix. The main result also yields some new consequences of the hypothesis that NP has pol...

This paper proves that “promise classes” are so fragilely structured that they do not robustly (i.e. with respect to all oracles) possess Turinghard sets even in classes far larger than themselves. In particular, this paper shows that FewP does not robustly possess Turing hard sets for UP ∩ coUP and IP ∩ coIP does not robustly possess Turing hard sets for ZPP. It follows that ZPP, R, coR, UP∩co...