investigating the role of drought stress conditions on physiological characteristics of plant may provide means to understand basic drought resistance. differences in leaf emergence rate, leaf relative water content (rwc), membrane stability index (msi), leaf mass area (lma), net photosynthesis (anet), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (e), intercellular co2 concentration (ci), ...

Using a constant perfusion technique, sodium and bicarbonate absorption was studied in human subjects. The following observations were made on sodium absorption from saline solution: (a) the rate of sodium absorption is markedly influenced by bulk water flow, (b) when net water flow is zero, sodium absorption is zero if there are no concentration gradients between plasma and lumen that favor ne...

BACKGROUND Water-aided methods for colonoscopy are distinguished by the timing of removal of infused water, predominantly during withdrawal (water immersion) or during insertion (water exchange). OBJECTIVE To discuss the impact of these approaches on colonoscopy pain and adenoma detection rate (ADR). DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Randomized, controlled trial (RCT) that compared water-...

The dynamics of ligand exchange on lanthanide ions is important for catalysis and organic reactions. Recent 17O-NMR experiments have shown that water-exchange rates of lanthanide ions in water/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (water/[EMIm][EtSO4]) increase as a function of increasing charge density. The trend of water-exchange rates in this solvent is opposite to that observed in water...

A methodology is developed for modeling entrainment in two-layer shallow water flows using non-standard conserved quantities, replacing layer-wise mass conservation by global energy conservation. Thus the energy that the standard model would regularly dissipate at internal shocks is instead available to exchange fluid between the layers. Two models are considered for the upper boundary of the f...