The global construction industry is in a transition period of reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. The recast of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in 2010 will require Member States to achieve nearly zero-energy for all new buildings from the 1st of January 2021 and for all new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities to be nearly zero-energy from th...

the present paper is aimed at describing a “closed cycle” power plant schematic (soft, solar oxygen fuel turbine) with macroalgae (seaweed) cultivation in a pond, combustion of its organic matter in a fluidized bed boiler of rankine cycle and return of the combustion products to the pond to feed algae. the oxygen used for combustion is released to atmosphere in photosynthesis. as a renewable fu...

let r be a commutative ring and (r) be its zerodivisor graph. in this article, we studywiener index and energy of γ(zn ) where n = pq or n = p2q and p, q are primes. a matlabcode for our calculations is also presented.

A Net Zero Community (NZC) concept and its energy characteristics are presented in this paper. NZC is an emerging topic with multiple variations terms of scope calculated methods, which complicates quantifying performance. This paper covers three key barriers achieving targets: (1) the main focus current definitions on buildings, disregarding community power systems use transportation; (2) diff...