• Components of Photochemical Smog • Why High Levels of Ozone in the Air are Undesirable Antioxidants in the Lungs Ozone as an Oxidizing Agent • Automobile Emissions Increase Ozone Concentrations Incomplete Combustion of Gasoline Produces Volatile Organic Hydrocarbons (VOC) Combustion at High Temperatures Produces NO VOC, NO and Sunlight Result in Ozone Formation • Reducing Nitrogen Oxides and ...

Drawing upon a variety of different criteria, many nations have introduced proposals to differentiate the reductions in carbon emissions that would be required of industrialized nations in the short to medium term. This paper considers the relationship of these proposals to their underlying conceptions of equity, and to the self-interest of the nations proposing them. The MIT Emissions Predicti...

Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is a trace gas involved in stratospheric ozone depletion with both anthropogenic and natural sources. Estimates of natural source strengths are highly uncertain. In this study, >320 highly temporally and spatially resolved measurements of CH3Br emissions from a salt marsh in Scotland (56o00 N, 2o35 W) were made during one year using eight static enclosures. Net emissions ...

The goal to stabilize global average surface temperature at lower than 2°C above pre-industrial level has been extensively discussed in climate negotiations. A number of publications state that achieving this goal will require net anthropogenic carbon emissions (defined as anthropogenic emissions minus anthropogenic sinks such as carbon capture and sequestration and reforestation) to be reduced...

Experiments were conducted at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit Laboratory to understand changes in vehicle emissions in response to stricter emissions standards over the past 25 years. Measurements included a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for a wide range of spark ignition gasoline vehicles meeting varying levels of emissions standards, including all certificatio...

For its high coefficient of performance and zero local emissions, the heat pump (HP) has recently become popular in North Europe and China. However, the integration of HPs may aggravate the daily peak-valley gap in distribution networks significantly.

Carbon emissions from energy consumption of Shandong province from 1995 to 2012 are calculated. Three zero-residual decomposition models (LMDI, MRCI and Shapley value models) are introduced for decomposing carbon emissions. Based on the results, Kendall coordination coefficient method is employed for testing their compatibility, and an optimal weighted combination decomposition model is constru...

High cost and technical immaturity of bulk (multi-hour) electricity storage (BES) systems are often cited as major hurdles to increasing the penetration of intermittent renewables. We use a simple model to assess the economics of BES under carbon emissions constraints. Size and dispatch of a green-field generation fleet is optimized to meet a variable load at a 15 minute time resolution. Electr...