A frame $L$ is called {it coz-dense} if $Sigma_{coz(alpha)}=emptyset$ implies $alpha=mathbf 0$. Let $mathcal RL$ be the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a coz-dense and completely regular frame $L$. We present a description of the socle of the ring $mathcal RL$ based on minimal ideals of $mathcal RL$ and zero sets in pointfree topology. We show that socle of $mathcal RL$ is an essent...

We present Spitzer rest frame mid-infrared spectroscopy of 12 z 2 millimeter-bright type 1 QSOs, selected from unlensed and lensed QSO samples and covering a range of AGN optical luminosities L5100 1⁄4 1045Y10 erg s . On top of the AGN continuum, we detect PAH emission from luminous star formation in nine objects individually, as well as in the composite spectrum for the full sample. PAH lumino...

The advantages of using a formal specification are in its precise definition of object properties and its declarative description of operations of a system. The Z notation is used widely in the literature of formal system designs and the research of language semantics. In line with the rapid growth of multimedia omputation research, we use the Z notation to describe a multimedia database that s...

A coordinate frame in an n-dimensional space is defined by n mutually orthogonal unit vectors. In particular, for a two-dimensional (2D) space, i.e., n = 2, a coordinate frame is defined by an X axis and a Y axis with these two axes being orthogonal to each other. The intersection between the X axis and the Y axis is the origin of the coordinate frame. For a three-dimensional (3D) space, i.e., ...

— We compare recently measured rest-frame V -band luminosity functions (LFs) of galaxies at redshifts 2.0 ≤ z ≤ 3.3 to predictions of semianalytic models by De Lucia & Blaizot and Bower et al. and hydrodynamic simulations by Davé et al. The models succeed for some luminosity and redshift ranges and fail for others. A notable success is that the Bower et al. model provides a good match to the ob...

Recent galaxy formation models successfully reproduce the local luminosity function (LF) of galaxies, by invoking mechanisms to suppress star formation in lowand high-mass galaxies. As these models are optimized to fit the LF at low redshift, a crucial question is how well they predict the LF at earlier times. Here we compare recently measured rest-frame V -band LFs of galaxies at redshifts 2.0...

We investigate the evolution of the universal rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity density from z = 1.5 to the present. We analyze an extensive sample of multicolor data (U AB, BAB, VAB = 24.5) plus spectroscopic redshifts from the Hawaii Survey Fields and the Hubble Deep Field. Our multicolor data allow us to select our sample in the rest-frame ultraviolet (2500 Å) over the entire redshift range ...

We present high-resolution imaging in the rest-frame optical of the weak radio source LBDS53W091. Previous optical spectroscopy has shown that this object has an evolved stellar population of age > 3Gyr at z = 1.55, determined from the amplitude of rest-frame UV spectral breaks. We have obtained deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging over 10 orbits with NICMOS camera 2, using the F160W H-band filt...