objectives : cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an important step in endodontic therapy. new instruments incorporate new preparation techniques that can improve the efficacy of cleaning and shaping. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mtwo and race rotary file systems in straightening the canal curvature using only one file or the conventional method. materials an...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk of bias tool, introduced by the Cochrane Collaboration for assessing the internal validity of randomised trials, for inter-rater agreement, concurrent validity compared with the Jadad scale and Schulz approach to allocation concealment, and the relation between risk of bias and effect estimates. DESIGN Cross sectional study. Study sample 163 trials in children....

This thesis considers the problem of automatic file migration. In a computer system, program and data files are stored on secondary memory such as discs. If the capacity of the secondary memory is not sufficient to hold all the files, some sort of backup memory (e .g. magnetic tape) is used to supplement secondary storage. The transfer of files between secondary and backup storage is refered to...

We propose a novel substrate-bias control scheme for an FD-SOI SRAM that suppresses inter-die variability. The proposed circuits detect inter-die threshold-voltage variation automatically, and then maximize read/write margins of memory cells to supply the substrate bias. We confirmed that a 486-kb 6T SRAM operates at 0.42 V, in which an FS corner can be compared as much as 0.14 V or more. key w...

Mitochondrial interactions with the nuclear genome represent one of life's most important co-evolved mutualisms. In many organisms, mitochondria are maternally inherited, and in these cases, co-transmission between the mitochondrial and nuclear genes differs across different parts of the nuclear genome, with genes on the X chromosome having two-third probability of co-transmission, compared wit...

The L A T E X 2ε source file of this paper was produced by converting a ChiWriter 3.16 source file into ChiWriter 4.0 file and then converting the latter file into a L A T E X 2.09 source file, which was manually edited for correcting numerous errors and for improving the appearance of the text. As a result of this procedure, some errors in the text may exist. Abstract A review of the parallel ...

BACKGROUND The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is increasingly used at medical schools to assess practical competencies. To compare the outcomes of students at different medical schools, we introduced standardized OSCE stations with identical checklists. METHODS We investigated examiner bias at standardized OSCE stations for knee- and shoulder-joint examinations, which were i...