check dams, are small dams in the watershed. these dams are constructed in susceptible areas to erosion due to reduce of flow velocity and erosion, control of sediment and flood in upstream of reservoir dams. these structures are made using wood, stone and cement, and gabion. these structures change the hydrological response of the watershed by reducing flow velocity, the channel slope and stor...

REQUIRED) The history of any academic discipline plays an important role in shaping the discipline and giving the discipline its unique identity. AIS is initiating an effort to collect, preserve, interpret, write and disseminate the history of the IS field. Ping Zhang was selected as the AIS Historian, and the supporting committee includes Frank Land, Rudy Hirschheim, Doug Vogel, Richard Basker...

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that cause terrible disasters for human society. Many of the caused by earthquakes around world serve as warnings to us about fragility life and immaturity science - especially construction science. For earth dams, which made up mostly compacted earth, most common type in world, an earthquake can have enormous consequences if it causes a dam failure. Thus, prop...

Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria are important intermediate snail hosts for the widespread transmission of schistosomiasis in humans. This chronic and debilitating disease remains one of the most intractable public health concerns in 74 developing countries, infecting more than 200 million people. Prevalence of schistosomiasis is difficult to estimate, but according to the World Heal...

Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria are important intermediate snail hosts for the widespread transmission of schistosomiasis in humans. This chronic and debilitating disease remains one of the most intractable public health concerns in 74 developing countries, infecting more than 200 million people. Prevalence of schistosomiasis is difficult to estimate, but according to the World Heal...

Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria are important intermediate snail hosts for the widespread transmission of schistosomiasis in humans. This chronic and debilitating disease remains one of the most intractable public health concerns in 74 developing countries, infecting more than 200 million people. Prevalence of schistosomiasis is difficult to estimate, but according to the World Heal...