The article provides a thorough analysis of the rattles depicted in Maya art, including their construction, decoration, and playing techniques. gourd vessel rattle is most frequently musical instrument appearing 108 iconographic sources. vary shape, size, adornment, with some being elaborately decorated others unadorned. author uses insights mostly from evidence to classify into different types...

A major source of childhood lead poisoning, still a serious problem in the United States, is paint. The dangers of lead were known even in the 19th century, and the particular dangers to children were documented in the English-language literature as early as 1904. During the first decades of the 20th century, many other countries banned or restricted the use of lead paint for interior painting....

Most deductive databases impose restrictions on the terms that can be used in them: they require that generated tuples be fully ground, i.e. contain no variables. Without this restriction, query evaluation of general programs needs subsumption tests in order to terminate correctly, and subsumption tests are expensive. We study a class of programs that can handle terms with both variables and fu...

Analyzing the dynamics of collection and display in the colonial context, this essay considers the South Asian artifacts collected by Sir Richard Carnac Temple, Chief Commissioner of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from 1894-1904. Temple exhibited the teak carvings, body adornments, and hunting tools that he amassed throughout his career in his home, The Nash, which became the foundation of his...

Archaeological excavations at sites of the Olmec civilization (1500 to 500 B.C. in present-day Mexico) have unearthed artifacts formed from massive iron oxide ores. Iron oxide ores were ground and shaped into highly polished circular artifacts, called "mirrors", with flat and concave surfaces. These mirrors were employed as body adornments by societal elites and were involved in trade and commo...

Male proboscis monkeys have uniquely enlarged noses that are prominent adornments, which may have evolved through their sexually competitive harem group social system. Nevertheless, the ecological roles of the signals encoded by enlarged noses remain unclear. We found significant correlations among nose, body, and testis sizes and a clear link between nose size and number of harem females. Ther...

Collection types such as sets, bags and arrays have been used as data structures in both traditional and object oriented programming. Although sets were used as record components in early database work, this practice was largely discontinued with the widespread adoption of relational databases. Object-relational and object databases once again allow database designers to embed collections as da...

Male homosexual behaviour is not simply either "active" or "passive", since penile-anal, mouth-penile, and hand-anal sexual contact is usual for both partners, and mouth-anal contact is not infrequent. A simplified method for recording sexual behaviour--a "sexual behaviour record (SBR)"--can be of value in determining the sites to be investigated and as a basis for further epidemiological quest...