Combustion of wood produces particulate matter (PM) emissions having the potential to induce respiratory tract diseases in humans. To date, however, few, if any, in vitro submerse exposure adverse effect studies characterized the actual particle characteristics within the culture medium. Indeed, the availability of particles and adsorbed toxic compounds in liquids may depend on particle charact...

Smoke from residential wood burning has been identified as a major contributor to air pollution, motivating detailed emission measurements under controlled conditions. A series of experiments were performed to compare the emission levels from two types of wood-stoves to those of fireplaces. Eight types of biomass were burned in the laboratory: wood from seven species of trees grown in the Portu...

OBJECTIVES This study quantified the particle size effect on the performance of elastomeric half-mask respirators, which are widely used by firefighters and first responders exposed to combustion aerosols. METHODS One type of elastomeric half-mask respirator equipped with two P-100 filters was donned on a breathing manikin while challenged with three combustion aerosols (originated by burning...

In this paper, we examined the availability of raw woods as glycolic materials. It was found that some wood materials such as bamboo, larch and cherry could degrade glucose. Glucose is degraded to carbon dioxide via an unknown acidic compound. We then examined whether these wood materials could degrade various sugars. Larch, bamboo and cherry show high degradation rates for glucose, galactose, ...

The synthesis and characterization of a novel fixative, guar gum-graftpoly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (GG-g-p(AM-coDADMAC)) polymer is described. The grafted polymer proved to be effective at adsorbing hydrophobic wood resin particles onto papermaking fibre surfaces, thus removing wood resins from the water phase where they have a tendency to aggregate and form troublesome ...

Before 1985, OSHA regulated wood dust under its nuisance dust standard of 15 mg/m3 (29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-3). However, in a 1985 enforcement proceeding before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, wood dust was held not to be covered by the nuisance dust standard. It held that the standard only covered inorganic dusts. (12 OSHC 1785). The Agency did not regulate this substan...

Cement bonded particleboards were manufactured from hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) wood particles. Hydration tests were carried out to determine the inhibitory index in order to characterise wood-cement compatibility. The results revealed that the mixture of hornbeam -cement can be classifi ed as moderate inhibition. Two wood: cement ratios were applied in this study, namely 1:3 and 1:4, for th...

Abstract—A new algorithm based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed as a potential solver for one-dimensional heat and mass transfer for isothermal carbonization of wood particles. To check the validity of this algorithm, the LBM results have been compared with the published data and a good agreement is obtained. Then, the model is used to study the effect of reactor temperature an...