today continuation of economic activities requires access to timely and adequate financial resources to provide working capital for enterprises, and any decision in this area  has a considerable effect on the operational efficiency of the business unit and will lead to changes in the value of the company and ultimately shareholders' wealth.       in current conditions, because of  the volu...

the analyses by the first ranked economists show that the economical growth of the countries that import oil or non-oil developing countries (nodcs) depends on the economical growth of the industrial countries. “goldstein” & “khan” by means of a long & complete verification show the dependence of the economical growth and “callier” also claims this fact that the economical growth of the countri...

Pandemic brings a crisis. This makes world leaders have to work hard and smartly in managing state budgets. During the heyday of Islam, Muslims also faced crises. Given that time power Islam mastered many areas world, it can be assumed crisis occurred past was global as is happening today. The difference at because losing war. paper tries describe historical experience esham, one fiscal instrum...

without any doubt the value of the securities in the economic analyses isdepending on the origin of assets and they don’t have value themselves. in respect of the rule of paper document in the nature of securities, some of iranian lawyer argues that the right to which the paper document relates materializes in the document and can therefore be transferred according to the rules governing tangib...

Due to its distinctive features and investment quality, sukuk as an Islamic alternative bond financing, have known last decades a worldwide interest rapid widespread, particularly after the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. Despite market prevalence of sukuk, literature on – economic wealth nexus still inexistant. In this study, we develop basic model that captures welfare effects markets. The...