arabic language spread in different parts ofpersiaafter arabic-islamic expansion in this territory. the iranians were interested in learning arabic, because it was the language of the qoran and islam and its injunctions which were based on monoism and unity of god; and equality and justice this is why one not find a book composed in scientific or historical or religious subjects or on etics dur...

Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the variation in territory size observed within populations. Hypothesis I assumes that individuals can assess the local food density; territory size is then determined by the amount of food contained within the territory (Norman & Jones 1984, McFarland 1986). Under Hypothesis II, an animal defends as large an area as possible and the size of the terr...

1. introduction tarikh-e baihaqi has been most often read as a seminal work of literature; by virtue of this fact, a great deal of its merits has been eclipsed. in this very research, the extent of demonstrating the prominence of war and military related issues will go under a close scrutiny. the prime assertion of this research states that tarikhe-e beihaqi presents a panoramic view of war and...

background: in most armies, clothes, equipment and weapons are designed according to the physical characteristics and anthropometric data of soldiers. objective: to study the anthropometric characteristics of iranian army force and their changes over recent years. methods: 12 635 iranian military personnel aged between 18 and 30 years with tenure of <10 years who were normally engaged in educat...

This thesis argues that regime legitimacy creates military resilience. A regime is legitimate when its constituents believe-whether because of ideological solidarity, patriotism, nationalism, or good governance-that a government has the right to exercise authority in its regime. Military resilience, which contributes to military effectiveness, refers to the willingness of troops to stay committ...