background: agitation is an early symptom of the acute opioid withdrawal syndrome in addicts that may start by inappropriate use of naltrexone. the current drug interventions are not efficient or need critical care as well. this study compares the clinical role of midazolam and diazepam for the management of agitation due to inappropriate use of naltrexone. materials and methods: in this double...

With increasing maternal drug abuse, the paediatrician must be ever alert to the possibility that symptoms observed in a young baby might be the consequence of drug withdrawal. The absence of a positive maternal drug history in no way negates this diagnostic possibility. Although opiate withrawal is the subject of this paper, combinations of drugs are commonly involved and there may sometimes b...

OBJECTIVES To identify simple long term predictors of maintenance of normotension after withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients in general practice. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING 169 general practices in Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 503 patients aged 65-84 with treated hypertension who were withdrawn from all antihypertensive drugs and remained drug free a...

A term baby was admitted to our neonatal unit with jitteriness, hypertonia, sneezing and fever. Her mother was on 20 mg of fluoxetine throughout her pregnancy. These symptoms which were possibly due to fluoxetine withdrawal lasted only for a short while. We attempt to look at the reported prevalence of this condition in the literature.

Previous pharmacological studies have implicated serotonergic brain systems in opiate withdrawal syndrome. Increased brain 5-HT release is associated with the development of physical dependence to morphine. Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluvoxamine and sertraline reduce the severity of naloxone precipitated opioid withdrawal syndrome. Other studies have shown that 5-HT system ...

Abstract Background: Considering the fear of drug addicts from hangover symptoms and the costs of withdrawal treatment and their importance in deciding to withdraw, it is helpful to identify various ways of withdrawal and their effects. This study investigated the withdrawal symptoms of two methods of detoxification with clonidine and rapid detoxification of clonidine with naltrexone....

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is associated with a high incidence of skin necrosis after surgery. The ideal timing for the cessation of tobacco use before plastic surgery has not, however, been precisely determined. The aim of this work was to define the ideal duration of nicotine withdrawal prior to random-pattern skin flap surgery in rats. METHODS Groups of 11 animals were subcutaneously injected ...

BACKGROUND Postoperative antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal practices remain debatable and little is known about the optimum timing. We hypothesised that early AED withdrawal does not affect long-term seizure outcome but allows identification of incomplete surgical success earlier than late withdrawal. We aimed to assess the relation between timing of AED withdrawal and subsequent seizure recu...

Acute morphine withdrawal is considered to be the physical manifestation of dependence, emerging when morphine administration is stopped or after the administration of an opiate antagonist, such as naloxone. Gabapentin, which is an antiepileptic, agent, enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in healthy volunteers, but its effect on morphine dependence and withdrawal signs has not determined ...

This report used emotion-modulated startle to refine theoretically critical claims about negative affect during tobacco withdrawal. Forty-eight dependent smokers (assigned to either a 24-hr nicotine withdrawal condition or a continued smoking condition) and 48 nonsmokers participated in this study. Participants viewed a series of neutral and unpleasant photographic images and were instructed to...