BACKGROUND The increasing awareness of increased risk for opportunistic infections when combining several immunosuppressant drugs led to new treatment goals for inflammatory bowel disease including limited use of steroids. AIM To conduct a systematic review to establish figures for steroid withdrawal in anti-TNF treated inflammatory bowel disease-patients. METHODS Medline was searched using...

UNLABELLED Ethical confusion regarding withdraw of therapy led to the aim of the study in which the knowledge and attitude of the Macedonian Intensive Care Unit (ICU) doctors and their impact on decision making process were assessed. METHODS Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study has been conducted on a national sample of 217 ICU doctors (response rate 83.87%), applying restructured EUR...

Many practical reasons underscore the necessity for such sensitivity. A few are listed. ̄ Agism has been rampant in this industry. It will prove self-defeating, however, as the ranks of the "young old" (or perhaps more accurately the "old young") and the "middle old" swell, and as competition for their insurance becomes international. ̄ Business organizations and the professions alike increasingl...

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OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to identify attributes of physicians associated with physicians' decisions to withdraw life support. METHODS Of the 862 Pennsylvania internists surveyed and asked to make decisions in response to hypothetical vignettes and to report their actual experience with the withdrawal of life support, 485 (56%) responded. The data were analyzed with regression model...

1 World Bank, Washington DC, United States of America, 2 Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Center for Effective Global Action, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 4 Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 5 Department of...