The pertinent literature on low voltage Operational Amplifiers is surveyed and techniques suitable for operation at low power supply voltages are identified. Designs implemented in standard Bipolar, BiCMOS, and CMOS technologies are classified and characterized. The lower limit of the power supply voltage is identified as well as the performance tradeoffs that are sacrificed as that limit is ap...

A technique for low-voltage CMOS analog circuit design is presented in this paper. In this technique, voltage sources are added in series with the gates of the MOS transistors to lower the effective threshold voltages of the transistors. With the lowered effective threshold voltage, it is possible to build a host of analog circuit that operates with a decreased supply voltage. A 0.6V ultra-low ...

Circuits optimized for minimum energy consumption operate typically in the subthreshold regime with ultra-low power-supply voltages. Speed of a subthreshold logic circuit is enhanced with an increase in the die temperature. The excessive timing slack observed in the clock period of subthreshold logic circuits at elevated temperatures provides opportunities to lower the active-mode energy consum...

This paper presents a low-voltage low-power differential linear transconductor with near rail-to-rail input swing. Based on the current-mirror OTA topology, the proposed transconductor combines the Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF) technique to linearize the transconductor behavior that leads to classAB linear operation and the virtual transistor technique to lower the effective threshold voltages...

A voltage reference circuit operating with all transistors biased in weak inversion, providing a mean reference voltage of 257.5 mV, has been fabricated in 0.18 m CMOS technology. The reference voltage can be approximated by the difference of transistor threshold voltages at room temperature. Accurate subthreshold design allows the circuit to work at room temperature with supply voltages down t...

This paper presents a new structure of a bandgap circuit which can be programmed to get any desired output voltage. Unlike conventional bandgap circuits, the proposed bandgap circuit uses MOS transistors operating in subthreshold region instead of bipolar transistors to generate PTAT and IPTAT currents. Use of the current conveyor makes the circuit capable of being operated at lower supply volt...

Current or voltage-type sense amplifier (SA) is the key element for sensing process of RFID transponder EEPROM. The performance of the EEPROM is influenced by the SA features like memory access time, power dissipation and the reliability. However, larger current or power dissipation put limitations on using current type SA with respect to voltage type SA. A low voltage SA with lower current con...

Domino logic circuits have faster operating speed than commonly used static logic ones, because they have lower input capacitances and no contention during transition. However, Domino logic circuits have more power dissipation than static logic ones, since their clock tress with high switch activity dissipates large energy. A low-power superthreshold computing scheme is proposed to reduce power...

Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime are able to perform minimum energy operation at a given delay. In the sub-threshold regime circuit delay, hence the leakage energy consumption depends on the supply voltage exponentially. By reducing the idle time of the circuit both the supply voltage that realizes minimum energy operation and the energy consumption can be reduced. This pa...