Abstract Expert judgments are widespread in many fields, and the way which they collected procedure by aggregated considered crucial steps. From a statistical perspective, expert subjective data must be gathered treated as carefully scientifically possible. In elicitation phase, multitude of experts is preferable to single expert, techniques based on anonymity iterations, such Delphi, offer adv...

This article reviews statistical techniques for combining multiple probability distributions. The framework is that of a decision maker who consults several experts regarding some events. The experts express their opinions in the form of probability distributions. The decision maker must aggregate the experts' distributions into a single distribution that can be used for decision making. Two cl...

The introduction of fuzzy logic into expert systems is an approach that allows expert systems to deal with real-world aspects that cannot be modeled accurately with classical crisp logic. An example is the formation of human opinions that are not always crisp with respect to the membership of a certain element in a set. In addition, the Delphi method is a technique for forming a stable consensu...

Background: oral and maxillofacial pathology is one of the major courses in basic sciences relating dentistry to medicine and is the basis of learning many clinical sciences. Since the periodic evaluation is important in identifying issues and solving them, in this study, students’ opinions were used to gather useful information for better planning in this course. The purpose of this study is t...

The need for validated analytical methods and reference materials to identify and measure constituents in dietary supplements is essential. Such methods allow for the documentation that products meet manufacturer's specifications and contain what their labels declare. In March 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a proposed rule that would establish specific current good manufactu...