This paper proposes a novel research direction: to build the Theory Grid as cooperatively shared formal theories within a virtual organization, and then to implement Grid Theorists as the wisdom of crowds working based on the Theory Grid such that the grid theorists have the ability to find new theorems and propose new questions semi-automatically.

In this paper we interest ourselves to the problem of flow tracking for dense crowds. For this purpose, we use a cloud of particles spread on the image according to the estimated crowd density and driven by the optical flow. This cloud of particles is considered as statistically representative of the crowd. Therefore, each particle has physical properties that enable us to assess the validity o...

CEKA is a software package for developers and researchers to mine the wisdom of crowds. It makes the entire knowledge discovery procedure much easier, including analyzing qualities of workers, simulating labeling behaviors, inferring true class labels of instances, filtering and correcting mislabeled instances (noise), building learning models and evaluating them. It integrates a set of state-o...

Governments and foundations have successfully harnessed tournaments to spur innovation. Yet this tool is not widely used by firms. We offer a framework for managers seeking to organize tournaments for ideas. We present the theoretical underpinnings of tournaments. We then connect the theory with three recent innovations—the power of the network, the wisdom of crowds, and the power of love—that ...

It is posited, in Condorcets Jury Theorem and more recent emergence of ideas related to the wisdom of the crowds, that the exchange of dispersed information will enable socially beneficial aggregation of information. While this process of information exchange frequently leads to the formation of more accurate beliefs, society is not immunized from systematic biases and the spread of misinformat...

A fluid-dynamic description for the collective movement of pedestrians is developed on the basis of a Boltzmann-like gas-kinetic model. The differences between these pedestr ian-specific equat ions and those for ordinary fluids are worked out ; they concern, for example, the mechanism of relaxat ion to equilibrium, the role of "pressure," the special influence of internal friction, and the orig...

We evaluate the asymptotic performance of boundedly-rational strategies in multi-armed bandit problems, where performance is measured in terms of the tendency (in the limit) to play optimal actions in either (i) isolation or (ii) networks of other learners. We show that, for many strategies commonly employed in economics, psychology, and machine learning, performance in isolation and performanc...

With the rise of the Web 2.0, collaboratively constructed language resources are rivalling expert-built lexicons. The collaborative construction process of these resources is driven by what is called the “Wisdom of Crowds” phenomenon, which offers very promising research opportunities in the context of electronic lexicography. The vast number and broad diversity of authors yield, for instance, ...

The problem of “approximating the crowd” is that of estimating the crowd’s majority opinion by querying only a subset of it. Algorithms that approximate the crowd can intelligently stretch a limited budget for a crowdsourcing task. We present an algorithm, “CrowdSense,” that works in an online fashion to dynamically sample subsets of labelers based on an exploration/exploitation criterion. The ...

1 はじめに 我々は,ポッドキャストを音声認識によって 自動的にテキスト化することで,それらをユー ザが全文検索できるだけではなく,詳細な閲覧, 編集も可能なソーシャルアノテーションシステ ム「PodCastle1)2)3)」の開発,運営を行っている. ポッドキャストは実環境の多様な音声データであ り,従来の音声認識技術では高い認識率を達成す ることは難しい.そこで PodCastleでは,多数 のユーザに認識誤りを訂正 (アノテーション)す る協力をしてもらうことで,音声認識率をシス テムの運用中に向上させる枠組みを採用してい る.こうすることで,検索サービスとしての質を 向上させるだけでなく,音声認識技術の底上げを はかることも狙っている. 本研究では,上記の枠組みの一環として,PodCastleを通じて得られる集合知,すなわちユー ザによる音声認識誤りの訂正結果を活用した音 響...