Adult age differences in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) measures were examined before and after statistical control of age-related differences in measures of feedback usage, working memory, and perceptual-comparison speed. The proportion of age-related variance associated with a summary measure of WCST performance was greatly reduced after controlling for measures of feedback usage, working...

The present study represents the first large scale confirmatory factor analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The results generally support the three factor solutions reported in the exploratory factor analysis literature. However, only the first factor, which reflects general executive functioning, is statistically sound. The secondary factors, while likely reflecting meaningful c...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between functional haplotypes in the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and ADHD diagnosis, and executive function (EF) in children with ADHD. METHOD COMT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs; rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, and rs4680) were genotyped in 445 ADHD children. EF was assessed using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of London, and self-or...

We examine online learning in the context of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), a task for which the concept acquisition strategies for human and other primates are well documented. We describe a new WCST experiment in rhesus monkeys, comparing the monkeys’ behaviors to that of online learning algorithms. Our expectation is that insights gained from this work and future research can lead t...

INTRODUCTION WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) is still a widely used neuropsychological test for evaluation of disorders of the frontal lobes. Recent studies have cast doubt on the validity of WCST as a marker for frontal dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We present a simplified version of WCST specially designed to evaluate the capacity to change the criteria for attention. Our objectives were to ex...

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) evaluates a subject's ability to shift to a new pattern of behavior in response to the presentation of unexpected negative feedback. The present study introduces a novel version of the traditional WCST by integrating a probabilistic component into its traditional rule shifting to add uncertainty to the task, as well as the option to forage for information ...

This study tested the hypothesis that executive dysfunction, common in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is associated with an abnormal frontostriatal network. Structural and diffusion tensor MR scans, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) targeting cognitive flexibility, and the Trail Making Test B examining parallel sequencing were obtained from 9 patients with left TLE and 17 healthy controls. ...

The problem of depression among patients with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) especially after myocardial infarction (MI) is well documented. Various levels of cognitive dysfunctions also constitute a frequent problem in the clinical picture of IHD. The association of the two can be especially dangerous for the process of treatment and rehabilitation. The study group consisted of 111 patients aged...

BACKGROUND Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder characterized by persistent and maladaptive gambling behaviors with disruptive consequences for familial, occupational and social functions. The pathophysiology of PG is still unclear, but it is hypothesized that it might include environmental factors coupled with a genetic vulnerability and dysfunctions of different neurotran...

Abstract Executive function (EF) is a concept widely used to describe higher order cognitive functioning. However, the seems lack precise definition upon which even experts in area can agree. Examples of existing definitions EF as capacities for independent self-serving behavior and aspects working memory, planning organizational skills. It has been argued that too imprecise, terms informing ef...