A new MEMS shear stress sensor imager has been developed and its capability of imaging surface shear stress distribution has been demonstrated. The imager consists of multi-rows of vacuum-insulated shear stress sensors with a 300 μm pitch. This small spacing allows it to detect surface flow patterns that could not be directly measured before. The high frequency response (30 kHz) of the sensor u...

MEMS thermal shear-stress sensors exploit heat-transfer effects to measure the shear stress exerted by an air flow on its solid boundary, and have promising applications in aerodynamic control. Classical theory for conventional, macroscale thermal shear-stress sensors states that the rate of heat removed by the flow from the sensor is proportional to the 1/3-power of the shear stress. However, ...

Coastal waters are an aerodynamically unique environment that has been little explored from an air-sea interaction point of view. Consequently, most studies must assume that open ocean-derived parameterizations of the air-sea momentum flux are representative of the nearshore wind forcing. Observations made at the New River Inlet in North Carolina, during the Riverine and Estuarine Transport exp...

This investigation was aimed at studying the effect of test methods on bond strength between concrete substrate and repair material. Four test methods with cementations or modified-cementations repair materials, and two surface roughnesses were studied. The methods used were pull-off, slant shear, splitting prism and a new direct shear named Bi-Surface shear test. While the coefficient of varia...

The reported study examines the dynamics of entrainment and its effects on the evolution of the dry atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) when wind shear is present. The sheared CBL can be studied by means of direct measurements in the atmosphere, laboratory studies, and numerical techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed in the present paper, which also...

By combining substrate-free structures with anodic bonding technology, we present a simple and efficient micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) thermal shear stress sensor. Significantly, the resulting depth of the vacuum cavity of the sensor is determined by the thickness of silicon substrate at which Si is removed by anisotropic wet etching process. Compared with the sensor based on a sacrifi...

objective: repair of an indirect restoration is usually preferred over its replacement. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of silane in different surface preparation techniques on the bond strength of direct to indirect composite resin.   methods: for this in vitro experimental study, 48 indirect composite cubes were fabricated, divided into 4 groups of 12 and subjected to the following pr...

We report the first topographical data of the surface of living endothelial cells at sub-light-microscopic resolution, measurements essential for a detailed understanding of force distribution in the endothelium subjected to flow. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the surface topography of living endothelial cells in confluent monolayers maintained in static culture or subjected to un...