BACKGROUND AND AIM: Estimation of need and demand for orthodontic treatment is important for both health professionals and health policymakers. Need assessment is traditionally done using experts’ opinions; however, patient-centered evaluation can provide a bigger picture of patient’s esthetic and psychological needs. The willingness to pay (WTP) technique is a potentially valid tool for assess...

In recent years, a number of large-scale writing assessments (e.g., TOEFL iBT) have employed integrated writing tests to measure test takers’ academic writing ability. Using a quantitative method, the current study examined how written textual features and use of source material(s) varied across two types of text-based integrated writing tasks (i.e., listening-to-write vs. reading-to-write) and...

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conclusions willingness to pay can be affected by experiencing an accident, the distance of the daily trip, and helmet use. the cost of traffic injuries among motorcyclists shows that this rate is much higher than the global average. thus, expenditure should be made on effective initiatives such as the safety of motorcyclists. results the mean wtp was 888,110 irr (iranian rial) among motorcycli...

given the fact that developing an intimate relationship between teacher and students creates a safe learning environment (harran, 2006), and because teacher immediacy is proved to increase students’ motivation for learning (velez & cano, 2008), this study was an attempt to explore the relationship between iranian efl learners’ perceived teacher immediacy and their willingness to communicate...

سخن سردبیر editorial مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان دوره چهاردهم، فروردین 1394، 2-1         چگونه یک نامه به سردبیر بنویسیم؟     how to write a letter to the editor?       محسن رضائیان[1] m. rezaeian     نامه به سردبیر را می توان کوتاه ترین مقاله غیر پژوهشی (non-research article) قلمداد نمود که در نوع خود می تواند بی نظیر بوده و به شفاف سازی و تصحیح دانش موجود و یا حتی افزایش آن، کمک های شایان...

This study explored the effects of 2 different types of strategies—translatedwriting vs. reading to write—in the writings of some of Iranian EFL learners inEsfahan Payamenoor University. The results showed no significant differences inthe students’ writings (in the 2 experimental groups and 1 control group) for thepretest topic. With respect to the posttest, the results, however, indicated that...